Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
3 hectares, on the hill in the valley of the Mirgheş brook. The section in the drainage ditches that cross the setdement from north to south revealed that the cultural layer was preserved only in the higher areas of the hill, which were not liable to inundation, while several pits in the southern side, considered to be pits for clay extraction, went into the lower area from the margin of the island353 354. The settlement at Berveni — Râtul Caprei spread over a surface of a few hectares, and was located on a small hill near the Swamp of Ecedea. The cultural layer in the settlement was 0,20-0,30 m thick334. Many isolated finds from the beginning of the Gáva culture were found in the Nyírség area (north-east of Hungary) where archaeological excavations were carried out in two settlements of the Ha A1 period: at Nagykálló — Telekoldal and at Nyíregyháza — Oros. One of the settlements uncovered a cultural layer of 1,10 m thick, but it lacked in information about the surface of the settlement355. A surface of 200 — 250 m wide and 500 m long of a settlement was uncovered at Nyíregyháza - Oros in 2004 that was located on the high terrace of the Kálló brook. The archaeological cultural layer of the setdement was destroyed by ploughing, but its surface revealed over 200 archaeological complexes356. IV.2. Archaeological Complexes There were 53 archaeological complexes with specific ceramics to the LăpuşIIGáva I habitation. Some of the pits in the settlement that contained Bronze Age materials, which couldn't be assigned to an archaeological culture, belonged to the Lăpuş II-Gáva I habitation (especially areas I and VI). In the inventory of seven complexes there were ceramic fragments specific both to Lăpuş II—Gáva I cultural horizon and Suciu de Sus culture357. Dwellings The settlement at Petea—Csengersima uncovered the remains of six constructions that likely functioned as dwellings. Four of them were represented by daub platforms that originated from several surface dwellings (S5 complex 1, S6, complex 1, S8 complex la — Fig. 4; SI 5 complex 1 — Fig. 13) and from one deepened dwelling (S9 complex 4 — Fig. 5). The deepened dwelling S9 complex 4 went into the soil as deep as the upper limit of the archaeological cultural layer that was preserved. Except S5 complex 1, all the daub platforms were in the upper cultural layer, some of them were identified right under the arable soil. Daub platforms occurred below some compact burnt walls, thick in the central areas and thin towards the margins. The maximum thickness of the depositions on the burnt walls was 20 cm in average, the thinnest being of 15 cm (S5 complex 1), and the thickest was 25 cm (S 44 complex 49). Dwelling S9 complex 4 was fit with a post hole at two corners that were unearthed. With 2,44 m in width and 2,60 m in length, it had an overall surface that exceeded 6,50 m2. Only dwelling SI 5 complex 1 was fit with two post holes among the daub platforms. They were aligned over the length of the dwelling, in the western side (Fig. 13). The lack in post 353 Németi 1990, p. 29. 354 Németi 1990, p. 19. 355 Mozsolics 1963, p. 252; Kemenczei 1982; p. 73-78; Kemenczei 1984, p. 62,159. 356 E Istvánovits et al. 2005, p. 254; M. Nagy - L. Marta: Késő bronzkori edénydepók Nyiregybá^a-Orosról (A report was taken on March, 13, 2007 at the conference „Őskoros Kutatók V. Összejövetele”, Debrecen, March 12- 14, 2007). 357 S8 complex 2, S9 complex 5, S33 complex 1, S34 complex 4, S34 compex 4, S34 complex 11, S34 complex 15, S34 comlex 15, complex 506. 55
