Grigorescu, Felicia: Forme de artă în cimitire evreieşti din nord-vestul Romaniei (Satu Mare, 2013)
Glosar de termeni
symbol of the pillars of Joachim and Boaz, which according to the Moorish model extend beyond the cornice, rising several times above it, in the same way can be read Temple type tombstone: a central shaft, which would mean guide pin spacing, poles being represented by the two marginal guide pins, even the two tabs on what many times flanking the front may be identified with poles above extensions to the large cornice. In spite of the prohibition for graven images the Jews, yet in the ancient diaspora have known the tombstones of the civilizations they came in contact with. Sculpture more than other arts has also developed in connection with the funeral market demand. The tombstone honored the memory and deeds of the deceased. This intention of preserving the memory of the deceased is also evident from the epitaph texts in which only qualities were mentioned. In north-west Romania the shape of headstones in Jewish cemeteries vary substantially from the simple wooden cross in common Christian cemeteries or the artificial stone or marble monuments in urban cemeteries. The form that the Jews have developed in the area, is much closer to the ancient tombstones and the spaces in which they have resided through the Middle Ages. The Jewish Cemetery being an isolate place because of the danger of indecency, was usually placed on the outskirts of the locality so it did not suffer external influences as much as the synagogue. The artistic manifestations seem to have been much freer regarding the graveyard. Emancipation has determined the domination of Temple style in the form of headstone, almost by definition. In urban cemeteries emancipation brought greater size, fine materials, complex monuments, sometimes large enclosures to the detriment of the symbol of identity. Through this shape, known by the old Jews, probably taken from the antique architecture of the neighbouring civilisations, configurated according to the biblical prescriptions and adapted to the own spirituality, one could say that the Jews wanted to reconfigurate the Temple from Jerusalem which they hold dear, in the cemeterial space. It is well-known the fact that their utmost desire is to reconstruct it GLOSSARY OF TERMS Ashkenazi - Jews from western, central, eastern Europe Bet hahaim - the house of life Bet kevarot - the hosue of sepulchre Bet olam - the house of eternity Cohanim (cohanim) - great Jewish priest in a temple Ervat davar - ban of impudicity Etrog - is a citron, one of the four species used in the ritual Sukkot Galut - diaspora Hadas - myrtle; one of the four species of the tent for Sukkot Hai - alive Harnica - the holiday of light which commemorates the revolt of the Maccabees against the Syrians Hanukia -a mennorah with eight wicks used for Hanuka 184 Felicia Grigorescu, Cimitirul evreiesc ortodox de la Satu Mare, în Studii şi comunicări, seria Istorie. Etnografie. Artă, XXII-XXIV/II, 2005-2007, Ed. Muzeului Sătmărean, 2007, p. 323 155
