Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Elena Postică: Mentalitatea colectivă şi procesele democratice din ultimii ani în Republica Moldova
Elena Postică The Collective Mentality and the Democratic Processes from the Last Years in the Republic of Moldova The post totalitarian era and the transition period proved to be very difficult for the young state Republic of Moldova. Moldova represents a special case among the countries in transition because of its big dependence from the NIS markets, fact that denotes also a political dependence. We can add to this the small dimensions of the country and the specific obstacles on the way of the national-state construction. The poles show that a big part of the population of Republic of Moldova is still tributary to the old collective mentality that was implemented during those 50 years of communist domination. This mentality remains to be one of the main factors that stop the implementation of the democratic reform in Republic of Moldova. In spite of the internal and external difficulties, Moldova registered substantial progress on the way to democratization. The free markets, the pluralism, the liberty of the person, the free choice have become necessary attributes of the Moldavian reality. The institutional structures of democracy have become stronger — periodical election, the separation of the powers, free press. There have been organized 3 parliamentary elections and 2 presidential ones. In 1997, the Republic of Moldova entered a new political cycle. After a revolutionary period between 1989-1993 and the period of reaction 1993-1997 it occurred a coming back of the reformators to the power. As a result of the parliamentary election from March 1998 it was created a center alliance in the parliament - the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms — that promotes economical reforms and promotes a clear orientation toward Europe. At the moment, there are several factors that threatens the advance of Republic of Moldova on the way to democracy and to the economical reforms: the internal hope, the dependence of the capital and the enefgetic sources on Russia and the presence of the Russian armies in the Eastern zone of the republic. The reformation effort of Moldova is undermined, in the first place, by the Transnistrian conflict that threatens the security not only of Republic of Moldova, but also of Europe in general. Its solution depends not only on the will of the political elite from Moldova, but also on the international community. The democratic spirit represents in present the main force that guides the political activity in the republic. Even if someone is still 296
