Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Stepan Vidnyansky: Central-Eastern Europe int he Period Between Two World Wars: Between Democracy and Dictatorship
atmosphere of the Western society (increasing of the role of massmedia, development of the sport, tourism, apearance of new genres of arts and so on). 1929-1933 years were a period of great depression. In 1929, as a result of overproduction, the world find itself under the threat of dangerous economical crisis, which involved all developed industrial countries, especially USA and Germany, and almost all branches of economy. It means that the crisis was world-wide and it took 4 years. The main reasons of this crisis was the high level of concentration and monopolization of capital and productions, diminution of state producting, unevenness of dividing of national resources and narrow national markets. 1933-1939 years became the years of maturing of the Second World war. The world-wide economical crisis made the confrontations between countries, and this caused the appearance of “the trade wars” and international conflicts. If some countries tried to find the way out of the crisis by the methods of liberal reforms in interests of the wide masses of society (USA, England, Canada, France, Spain, Chile, Scandinavian countries), in other countries, like Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Japan and Spain it was created a totalitarian regime (fascist type), who saw the way out of the crisis by the methods of reconsideration of the results of the First World war and military expansion. The forming of totalitarian communist regime in the USSR was finished and it also took the road of the territorial and political expansion. All these sharped in the second part of the 30lh opposition of the democracy and totalitarism, which, without regard to dividing in 20th-30th of anti-war and anti-fascist movement, in the result leaded people to the Second World war. In the period between two world wars such political currents as conservatism, liberalism, social democracy (and radical left wing of it - communism and the right radical wing - fascism) had a great influence on the choice of the ways of the social evolution. Democratic and communistic models of the social evolutions pretended on the universality. Liberal structure generated hostility of its base - wide masses, because it didn’t gave the feeling of stability and prosperity. Moreover, the biggest part of the countries of the region didn’t have good democratical tradition. In the environment of European intelectuals, after the First World war, pessimism and crisis perception, caused by decline of humanistic tradition, were prevailing. As a rule, they didn’t join to the protection of parliament, didn’t do anything against authoritarian, conservative and totalitarianfascists trends in Europe, that became more powerful in the period between wars. They made also historical influence on the development of young Between democracy and dictatorship 145
