Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Stepan Vidnyansky: Central-Eastern Europe int he Period Between Two World Wars: Between Democracy and Dictatorship
Stepan Vidnyansky structure of Europe and international relations, which was created as a result of resolutions of the Paris Conference of the winning countries in the First World war. Also, we have to search reasons in smouldering disconent of losing countries by the unjust reshapeing of the Europe map. It was made with hipocritical and unreal slogan of “the rights on selfdetermination of the nation”, and also in horrible welfare standards of people, which became worse in 20lh-30th as a consequence of the First World Crisis. In that way, the First World war was at the fundament of serious political, economical and territorial changes in different regions of the world, and first of all in Europe - the main theatre of military operations. As to political map of the world, it was changing before very eyes. During the war, the political structure of Austro-Hungarian, German, Russian and Osman empires didn’t stand the tests of war. Empires of Hohenzollems, Habsburgs, Romanovs and Turkish soultans collapsed and their existence has finished. In general, war and revolutions in some European countries was at the base of collapse of monarchies: there are 41 ruling houses were exist on the threshold of war, but just 17 stayed after its finishing. The new countries were created on their ruins - Polish Republic, Czech Republic, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians (after 1929 - Yugoslavia), Austria, Hungary, Finland, Litvonia, Latvia, Estonia. Correlatios of forces in Europe and in the whole World was changed radically. In particular, Bolshevik’s revolution in former Russian empire, which had a great impact on the world political proceses, made the country go out from the “great countries club”. As a result of defeat in this war, from the group of countries who determinated the world politic dropped out the countries of Tetradic Bloc - Austro-Hungary (in particular its successors Austria and Hungary and others), Germany, Bulgaria and Turkey. England and France were wasted by war and gave up their positions to USA and Japan. The importance and authority of these two countries increased, and especialy of the United States of America, which started to play the role of creditor for the European countries (their debts to USA with percents reached, to the year 1923, about 12 billion USD). USA played the main role in the world politics. National liberation movement in colonial and depended countries of Asia and Afrika was liven up: colonial power of the European countries started to decrease. And, at last, the borders of European countries were significantly changed: 70% of modern borders were created in consequence of the First World war. Migratory processes are intensified: the great masses of people migrated from one country to other (for example, from Russia and Ukraina, only in 1918-1920 emigrated about 2 million of 140
