Cristian, Virag (szerk.): Neolithic cultural phenomena in the Upper Tisa Basin (Satu Mare, 2015)
Piroska Csengeri: Middle Neolithic Painted Pottery from Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, North-Eastern Hungary
Middle Neolithic Painted Pottery from Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County... an animal bone sample of pit S14: 5361 (68.2%) 5309 cal BC, and another one from the pit SI: 5324 (68.2%) 5228 (Fig. 6). These ones refer to the very end of the 1st phase of ALP culture for the excavated part of this Neolithic settlement. From the territory of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County only from Mezőkövesd- Mocsolyás51 have been available comparative dates.52 They imply a partially contemporary life with the Szentistvánbaksa settlement section. Earlier N. Kalicz and J. Koós suggested a threestage development for the ALP 1 phase.53 But in the light of their detailed work on Mezőkövesd- Mocsolyás material they modified it for a two-stage one: with a first stage represented by Kőtelek- Huszársarok and with a second stage maintained by settlements on a territory from Fiizesabony- Gubakút to Ebes and from Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás to Novajidrány.54 As regard the other settlements of ALP 1 phase, radiocarbon data from Fiizesabony- Gubakút,55 Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza-puszta56 and Polgár-Ferenci-hát57 ought to be mentioned. On the basis of these measurements, it can be said that excavated section of Szentistvánbaksa settlement could be contemporary with a part of the long life of Füzesabony-Gubakút, exactly with its 3rd and/or 4th settlement phases. However, the Tiszaszölös-Domaháza-puszta and Polgár- Ferenci-hát settlements seem to be earlier than Szentistvánbaksa one within the ALP 1 phase. In the same manner, radiocarbon dates of Moravany58, Slavkovce59 and Kosice-Cerveny rak60 refer to an earlier life of them than Szenitstvánbaksa Neolithic settlement section. ALP 2 pottery style According to the opinion of N. Kalicz and J. Makkay, the ALP culture was divided into regional groups (Tiszadob, Esztár, Szakálhát) from its late (3rd) phase.61 Contrary to this, the Slovakian scholars started the regionalization of the Eastern Linear Pottery culture from its early stage (i.e. ALP 2 phase) with the Barca III group (incised pottery) and Kopcany group (painted ceramics).62 On the basis of new radiocarbon dates, Ferenc Horváth and Ede Hertelendi and, later, based on a new excavation material, Ferenc Horváth and Florin Draşovean presumed that the Esztár culture had already begun in the time of the 2nd phase of ALP.63 These researchers joined also a same early date to the beginning of the Szakálhát culture.64 Júlia G. Szénászky as well as F. Horváth and F. Draşovean allowed that Szakálhát culture has not an ALP origin and started directly after the life of the Körös culture in the Körös-Maros Region.65 In concept of Mikhailo Potushniak, the independent Painted Pottery Culture (PPC) began with its early (Kopcany) stage in the Transcarpathian Ukraine66 which could be contemporary with the ALP 2 phase. On the basis of the results of PhD research of the author there have been very few settlements with ALP 2 pottery style in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County. Only 17 sites and find 51 Kalicz/Koós 2000, 68; 2014, 63. 52 There also are unpublished measurements from Bükkábrány-Bánya, site No. VII and from Hejőpapi- Hulladéklerakó. 53 Kalicz/Koós 2000, 69. 54 Kalicz/Koós 2014,61. But on the page 65 they sketched in a three-stage development, again. 55 Domboróczki 2003, Fig. 1A-1D; 2006, 477; 2009, 84, Table 1A-1D, Fig. 6, 89 and Fig. 9; 2010, Fig. 1; 2012, Table 1. 56 Domboróczki et al. 2010, 113, 117 and Fig. 6. 57 Raczky/Anders 2009,43-44 and Fig. 8-9. 58 Kozlowski et al. 2003, Table I. 59 Kozlowski/Nowak 2010, Fig. 14. 60 Kozlowski/Nowak 2010, Fig. 7. 61 Kalicz/Makkay 1977,96,100, 104-106 and Tabelle 2. 62 Pavúk/Siska 1980, 145,157; Siska 1982,261; 1989, 61-74, Tabela II, 118-126, 203. 63 Horváth/Hertelendi 1994, 118; Horvâth/Draşovean 2013, 122 - 123, Fig. 22. 64 Horváth/Hertelendi 1994, 116-118; Horvâth/Draşovean 2013, 122 - 123, Fig. 22. 65 G. Szénászky 1983; 1988, 15-16; Horvâth-Draşovean 2013, 123-124. 66 Potushniak 1997, 37; 2011, 69-70. 137
