Cristian, Virag (szerk.): Neolithic cultural phenomena in the Upper Tisa Basin (Satu Mare, 2015)
Piroska Csengeri: Middle Neolithic Painted Pottery from Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, North-Eastern Hungary
Piroska Csengeri the 1st phase of Pişcolt group in Romania12). Éva Selján and János Veres collected 15 settlements of this phase from the County in question in their work in 2008.13 Nowadays, 28 settlements and three other uncertain sites are known from this area (Fig. 2). Out of them has been thought to be very important new settlements of the Hungarian part of the Hernád valley and its environment, namely: Hejce-Püspöktábla, Gibárt-Túzsa-dűlő, Ináncs-Dombrét and Szentistvánbaksa- Anyagnyerő. So, beside Novajidrány-Elkerülő út14 we have knowledge about four other remarkable sites from this region (Hernád valley and Szerencsköz micro-regions; Fig. 2). Hejce-Püspöktábla site was excavated by Ferenc Losits in 1982 and was assigned by him to the Bükk Culture.15 Instead of it, on the basis of looking over of its material it must be said that a settlement of the 1st phase of the ALP culture with incised and painted pottery was there, followed by a later Tiszadob group settlement. Gibárt-Túzsa-dűlő site was discovered by Mária Wolf and Katalin Simán in 1981. Beside the finds of several other archaeological periods, Neolithic remains were also revealed there.16 In 2013, József Galkó, a technician of Herman Ottó Museum, re-localized the site and found a large material of the 1st phase of ALP culture with a figurine.17 Ináncs-Dombrét has been an important Bronze Age settlement that was excavated by Judit Koós in 1985-1986. There were revealed a feature and some stray finds of the Bükk culture in the season of 1986.18 Besides Bükk finds, some incised and painted ceramics of the 1st phase of ALP culture and some stray finds of Late Neolithic Tisza culture were found in the course of looking over its material. Szentistvánbaksa-Anyagnyerő site was found at an inspection of the fieldwork of a rampart, more precisely at the clay mining of this construction, in 2011. At the excavation 15 archaeological features came to light from the 1st phase of ALP culture including clay extraction pits and some smaller settlement pits.19 Due to favourable soil conditions (high moisture content of the soil) numerous sherds of painted vessels were preserved here. Painted decoration of ceramics was common at the 1st phase of ALP culture20 - independent painting and combination of painted and incised decoration, too. But percentage of painted ceramics within ceramic material of the settlements has been varied from site to site. N. Kalicz and J. Koós referred less than 100 painted sherds from the thousands of ceramics from Mezőköved-Mocsolyás.21 Black painting was recorded on over 10% of the circa 3.000 sherds at Slavkovce by Marián Vizdal22 and high frequency of black painted decoration among the almost 12 Lazarovici/Németi 1983, 37; Németi 1999, 166; Virág 2004, 14; 2008, 114; Hágó in press.; S. Băcueţ-Crişan supposed the contemporarity of this phase not only with ALP 1 phase, but also with the ALP 2-Barca III incised group and with the painted Kopcany group: Băcueţ-Crişan 2008a, chronological table on page 23 and 2008b, 47. The problem was summarized by K. Kovács in the Hungarian literature: Kovács 2007, 33-34. 13 Selján/Veres 2008. Number of the known settlements of this phase were 22 in Hungary in 2007 (Kovács 2007, 33). 14 Csengeri 2003. 15 Losits 1983. Material has been inventorized by numbers 84.2.1-84.2.2065. in Hungarian National Museum and has been unpublished yet. 16 L. Wolf/Simán 1982; 1985. Material has been in Herman Ottó Museum as uninventorized one and is unpublished yet. 17 New material has been uninventorized in Herman Ottó Museum and unpublished yet. 18 S. Koós 1987a; 1987b. Whole material has been unpublished yet. Inventory numbers in the Archaeological Collection of Herman Ottó Museum: 92.78.1-92.78.1384. 19 Material has been uninventorized in Herman Ottó Museum and has been unpublished yet. 20 Kalicz/Makkay, 1977, 24; Raczky 1983, 171, 177; Kalicz/Koós 1997, 129; Nagy 1998, 77, Kalicz/Koós 2000, 67; Domboróczki 2001,211; Kovács 2001,79; Kalicz/Koós 2002, 74; Csengeri 2003, 52-53; Kovács 2007, 24-25; Kalicz/ Koós 2014, 49-53. 21 See at Kalicz/Koós 2014, 49-53. 22 Vizdal 1997, 50-55; Kozlowski/Nowak 2010, 76. 130
