Cristian, Virag (szerk.): Neolithic cultural phenomena in the Upper Tisa Basin (Satu Mare, 2015)
Katalin Kovács: The Role of Bodrogzsadány int he Late Neolithic Evolution of the Bodrog Valley
the two periods in south-eastern Slovakia as well, which is explained by climate change.49 In the Bodrog Valley the first Late Neolithic occupation is represented by the Tisza culture, which appeared without any antecedents. Settlements of the Tisza culture are known from the sites of Zemplín,50 Paszab-Öved51 and Kenézlő-Szérűskert.52 The ceramic materials of the settlements are characterized by incised and black painted decorations and globular vessel forms. These sites can be dated to the early, transitional phase between the I-II phases, and to the II, classical phase of the Tisza culture.53 In addition to the settlements of the Tisza culture, other types of settlements are known as well. It is typical of these sites that beyond the Tisza culture their pottery finds show the characteristic features of other cultures, for example, red-and-white paint, three-part vessels and biconical forms. The most determinant part of these ceramic assemblages is represented by the phase I of the Lengyel culture, but the Stroke-Ornamented Pottery culture was also present besides the Tisza culture. In most of the cases, independently evolved local features appeared in the ceramic material parallel with the vessel forms and decorations linked to these cultures. Such mixed assemblages are known from the sites of Kenézlő-Fazekaszug,54 Kenézlő-Báji-homok,55 Bodrogkeresztúr-Kutyasor,56 and Sárazsadány-Akasztószer can also be classified within this group. These sites can be dated to the middle and second half of the Late Neolithic, in the south parallel with the phase II of the Tisza culture57 and the phase II of the Herpály culture,58 and in the north parallel with the phases I and I-II (Santovka phase) of the Lengyel culture,59 the Malice culture60 and the Saborzec-Opatów group61. The pottery finds of these settlements do not bear the so-called „textile” pattern decoration, which is the characteristic of the late phase II, while the phase III of the Tisza culture is missing, which demonstrates that the late period of the Tisza culture was not present in the Bodrog Valley. The settlements of the third group can partly be dated to this period, that is to the second half and the end of the Late Neolithic. The Tisza components are completely missing from the ceramic assemblages of these sites; they are rather characterized by Lengyel components with locally evolved features. The pottery finds are characterized by red-and-white painted decoration, biconical vessel forms and the use of large, flat knobs. During this time-span the number of the sites decreased, such an assemblage is known only from two sites, from the site of Sárospatak-Vár62, besides Bodrogzsadány-Templomdomb. Unfortunately, the data from the sites of the Bodrog Valley are derived without exception from old archaeological records, which is why we know only little about the inner chronology of the settlements. The existence of the individual settlements must certainly have overlapped each other: for example, the settlement of Sárazsadány-Akasztószer was partially contemporary with the settlement of Bodrogzsadány-Templomdomb, but without new investigations the exact chronology of the region cannot be clarified more precisely. The Role of Bodrogzsadány in the Late Neolithic Evolution of the Bodrog Valley 49 Siska 1986, 251; Vizdal 1998, 103. 50 Andel 1955; Pavúk 2007. 51 Tompa 1929, 56, Tafel XLII, XLIII. 1-6. 52 Kiss 1939; Korek 1989, 45. 53 Kalicz/Raczky 1987, 25-277. 54 Tompa 1929, 23, Tafel XVI. la-lb, XVL, XLV. 5-8; Kovács 2013a, 171-175. 55 Tompa 1937, 43; Kovács 2013a, 168-171. 56 Tompa 1927; Tompa 1937, 43; Patay 1957; Kalicz 1994, 265-266; Kovács 2013a, 159-164. 57 Kalicz/Raczky 1987, 25-27. 58 Kalicz/Raczky 1984, 131-132; Kalicz et al 2011, 14. 59 Pavúk 1965; Pavúk 1981; Némejcová-Pavúková 1986; Pavúk 1994. 60 Kadrow 2006. 61 Zápotocká 2004; Kaczanowska/Kozlowski 2006. 62 Kovács 2013a, 185-191. 235
