Cristian, Virag (szerk.): Neolithic cultural phenomena in the Upper Tisa Basin (Satu Mare, 2015)
Piroska Csengeri: Middle Neolithic Painted Pottery from Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, North-Eastern Hungary
Piroska Csengeri Szakálhát culture/ or communities using Szakálhát pottery style On the grounds of PhD research of the author it has become established that communities characterized by using of Szakálhát pottery style also lived in the territory of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County.80 N. Kalicz and J. Makkay determined the northern boundary of Szakálhát culture at the line of Füzesabony- Tiszafüred in their monograph, but they mentioned two uncertain sites far north from this line: Tard and Bogics-Pazsagpuszta.*1 On the basis of their results the presence of Szakálhát sites was expected in the area in question. It also could be thought that most of the sites formerly ranked to the “Szilmeg group” from this region actually belonged to the Szakálhát culture. In the course of PhD work of the author 13 sites could be classified to Szakálhát pottery style surely or with great probability. These settlements are located in the south-western part of the County which could have been an interaction zone between Bükk and Szakálhát cultures. A strong influence caused by Bükk pottery style may be seen on Szakálhát culture’s fine and coarse ware in this territory. In the researched Szakálhát materials can be met black or red narrow lines under the rims of the vessels painted before firing and crusted red painting between the incised decorations (at Mezőkeresztes-Cef-fia/om and Mezőkövesd-Nagy-fertő)}2 Both characteristics often occurred in the core area of the Szakálhát culture, namely in the Middle and Lower Tisza Regions.83 Interactions between communities, reflected by painted pottery From almost all of the excavated Middle Neolithic settlements of the County from the 3rd and 4th periods have been known painted ceramics that referred to interactions between neighbouring groups.84 Esztár and Raskovce style painted ceramics from Hejőkürt-Lfifi and the red crusted painting of the Bükk culture (in the whole studied County) that were probably inspired by the Szakálhát culture have been already mentioned above. Usually, a few such pieces can be found among the hundreds of ceramic sherds. These “imports” and “foreign inspired” painted finds from new sites of the County have been summarized in Fig. 7. They refer to closest contacts of Middle Neolithic communities of this region with the painted Esztár culture’s settlements. More less data shows the past interactions with the painted groups using non-Esztár type painting. Only two Middle Neolithic sites of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén have to be mentioned with greater proportion of painted ceramics in its material. First exemplar is the old known site of Sátoraljaújhely-Ronyva-parf5 with Tiszadob, Bükk and Raskovce style ceramics while the other one is a new site of Bodroghalom-Medvetanya, Hydroglobus (or Sertéshizlaló). At the latter case a Bükk В and an Esztár style vessel were found in the same context (on the basis of some human bones probably in a grave) by a local resident, János Zsoldos in 1979 (Pl. 13,1-2).86 The site was attested by Magdolna Hellebrandt in the course of a fieldwork in 1978 when large numbers of obsidian finds were found.87 80 See also Csengeri 2010b. 81 Kalicz/Makkay 1977, 84, 159 (Kat.-Nr. 377), 122 (Kat.-Nr. 33), Tabelle 3. 82 Mezőkeresztes: unpublished; Mezőkövesd: Csengeri 2010b, 17. 83 Kalicz/Makkay 1977, 91; G. Szénászky 1979, 76; Horváth 1983, 45-52; Goldman 1984, 31-32; Hegedűs 1985, 36-38; G. Szénászky 1988, 12. 84 Unlike, ceramics that referred to the contacts with communities of (Transdanubian) Linear Pottery culture (LBK) can be found only on a few sites. 85 Visegrádi 1907; 1912; Tompa 1929, 22, 51-52,Taf. 2, 5, Taf. 16, 1-3, 9; Taf. 46, 2-5, Taf. 47-48, Taf. 49, 1-4.; Korek/Patay 1958, 37 (Kat.-Nr. 58); Kalicz/Makkay 1977,153 (Kat.-Nr. 332), Taf. 171, 14; Siska 1989, 91. 86 В. Hellebrandt/Simán 1980. Inventar numbers of the vessels in the Archaeological Collection of Herman Ottó Museum: 79.34.15-16. 87 Unpublished material. This work was mentioned only in the documentation of the excavation of the Celtic cemetery of Bodroghalom-Medvetanya, Farkasdomb by M. B. Hellebrandt (Inventar number of the documentation 140
