Ciubotă, Viorel - Nicolescu, Gheorge - Ţucă, Cornel (szerk.): Jurnal de operaţiuni al Comandamentului Trupelor din Transilvania (1918-1921) 2. (Satu Mare, 1998)
Istorie şi Geografie Istorică / Geschichte und Landeskunde / Történelem és országismeret - Regiuni de frontieră şi zone de contact / Grenzreionen und Kontakträume / Határvidékek és kapcsolódási területek
288 Luca Calvi “Solo che la storia ha sempre proceduto in senso esattamente opposto. Sono gli Stati ehe hanno costituito le nazioni, ingrandendosi e conglobando etnie diverse; e hanno poi elaborate l’immagine di un unico “popote”, con grandi sforzi per fondarla su una comunanza di lingua, religione, tradizioni culturali o “razza”. (“But the history proceeded in an absolutely opposite way. It was the States which created the Nations, becoming greater and absorbing different ethnic groups. They then elaborated the image of a unique people, with great efforts to shape it on the basis of common language, religion, cultural traditions or “race”»). (MORANDI 1991: 17) The conclusion of the Italian writer is quite consequential: the quest for such a Nation-State needs a large amount of falsifications, beginning from the history, which needs on its turn to be written and re-written at each change of statehood, ad usum delphini. For this reason we completely agree with the perplexities shown by Von Hagen about Ukrainian history, supported by the observations of Andreas Kappeler from a German perspective or from Gianfranco Giraudo from the Italian one: the answers, given by eminent historian such as Jaroslav Isajevyé (ISAJEVYE 1996: 298-307), just to forget the reactions of the little régime-writers, sound no more like an at attempt, lost at its own beginning, to support their own State, with no perspective for forecoming researches. In our opinion, the future of such researches is to be traced in going beyond the idea of “Nations” and looking for the new, although very often old, regions, and moreover for the regional identities. A particular aid can be given, even if the beginning can be somehow difficult, by the analysis of the particularity given by what we call, following the words of one of the best Ukrainian writes of Northern American Diaspora, Ivan Lysiak-Rudnyc’kyj, the “borderland identities”, one of whose best representatives are the already mentioned Carpatho-Rusyns: «The interest of Carpatho-Ukrainian history consists in its being a typical borderland or transitional territory, where for centuries various political, social, and cultural forces have met and clashed. Thus is possible to study there, in an almost laboratory-like fashion, the interaction of factors which have shaped the evolution of that part of the world as a whole». (LYSIAK-RUDNYC’KYJ 1987: 353) Nowadays, the Carpatho-Rusyns live, with the different names and ethnonyms which they used for themselves or by which the neighbous referred to them - Rusyn, Rusnak, Lemko, Bojko, Hucul, Dolysnjan, Uhroruss, Karpatoross, Karpats'kyj Ukraînec’, Rusyn-Ubrdinec’ (BARVINS’KYJ 1925; BINDAS 1929; BORSIAK 1948; DOROSENKO 1931; GIRAUDO 12992; KOSTELNYK 1922; MARTEL 1937; §ELUCHYN 1951; SIMPSON 1951; UDVARI 1994) divided among Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and former Yugoslavia, apart from the huge communities of the Diaspora in the United States, in Canada and in
