Drăgan, Ioan (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 2003-2004 (7-8. évfolyam, 1-2. szám)
Zsoldos Attila: Királynéi birtokok Erdélyben az Árpád-korban
Királynéi birtokok Erdélyben az Árpád-korban 71 másik ilyen uradalom a besztercei: ennek kialakulása - mint láthattuk - talán már all. század első felében megkezdődött, s még a 14. század közepén is a királyné rendelkezett vele. Ezen körülmények alapján tehát a vizsolyi és a besztercei ispánságokat minden fenntartás nélkül minősíthetjük olyan királynéi uradalmaknak, melyek eredendően is a királynéi javak közé tartoztak. Queens’ Domains in Transylvania in the Árpádian Age (Abstract) Uneven knowledge of the domains belonging to the Árpádian queens is determined primarily by the loss of historical sources regarding the southern and the central part of the kingdom. In addition, the concentration of the royal domains in middle Transdanubia and the habit of the queens of residing in the center of the kingdom (medium regni) significantly influenced the distribution of their possessions. Two settlements are known which can be counted among the earliest possessions of the queens in Transylvania. The villages of Lapád (Magyarlapád, Lopadea Nouă) and Abony (identifiable with the present-day village of Asszonynépe, Asinip were donated to the abbey of Bakonybél by Queen Gisela. Thirteenth-century sources mention the domains of Beszterce (Bistriţa), Radna (Óradna, Radna Veche), Királyi and the settlement of Szalacs (Sălacea) as queens' possessions. Among the domains belonging to the queens, the larger ones were organized as comitatus (ispánság) and the largest one, Verőce, even became a separate county. The possessions around Beszterce and Radna and the cluster of villages in the Mezőség (Câmpia Translivaniei, known as Királyi /Queraliy, were inhabited by Saxon colonists who settled in northeastern Transylvania during the twelfth century. Beszterce and Radna, like Vizsoly and Segesd, were organized in two comitatus and the two settlements became important urban centers of the Saxon districts. The colonization of the Saxons marks the starting point of the queens' possessions in northeastern Transylvania. One of the villages, Királynémét (Crainimăt), however, was mentioned by the sources as villa bavarica, which indicates an earlier presence of queens' possessions. Bavarian settlers came to Hungary during tlje first half of the eleventh century, in the time of Gisela, wife of St. Stephan I. In addition, Szalacs was mentioned as early as 1067; it had German hospites, according to thirteenth century sources. There is not enough source material to determine the evolution of each possession. Before or after entering the queens ’ possession some of the domains belonged to the king or to the other members of the royal families, most frequently to the princely heir. It is, though, impossible to establish the core set of domains belonging to the queens. It is sure, however, that beside the comitatus of Vizsoly the district of Beszterce belonged to the queens during the whole period of the Árpádian dynasty.
