Diaconescu, Marius (szerk.): Mediaevalia Transilvanica 1998 (2. évfolyam, 1. szám)
Relaţii internaţionale
The Political Relations between Wallachia and Hungary 11 seem as parts of the land of Severin43. A few paragraphs further, the reference concerning the military obligations is made to the land of Severin as a whole44. Or, for that matter, when it is used as a comparison term viewing the rights held by the knights in Cumania. All these can be explained by the fact that the full list of the territorial formations was no longer presented. The land of Severin was a different territorial entity as compared to the other mentioned formations. When the material benefits were recorded, the reference is made to the entire land of Severin, and to the mentioned principalities (knezates), stating a separation. The donation was thought in such a way that half of all the benefits, the incomes and the jobs from the whole land of Severin and the above mentioned principalities (knezates) were kept by the king, while the other half went to the knights. The churches, those already built and those which were supposed to be built in the future were excepted, as they were rightfully owned by the knights, in the terms of accepting the rights of the church hierarchs, that is they received ius patronatus as well. The knights entirely owned the mills, built or to be built "in all the counties above mentioned." (infra terminos prenominatarum terrarum) - suzerain right - as well as all the buildings and crops raised by the knights at their own expense, the hay fields and pastures for their cattle, the actual fisheries and the future ones. The only exceptions were the fisheries on the Danube and the ponds at Celeiu (Cheley), which were owned by the king as well as by the knights. The knights were also allowed to take advantage of half of the incomes and benefits "collected in the name of the king” (regi colligentur) coming from the Romanians dwelling the land of Litua (Lytua), except the land of Haţeg. The Romanians were obliged to help the knights with their military means for the defence of the country, and the knights, at their turn, had to give them help and support. The king also gave them all the Cumania, except the land of Seneslau, the Voivode of the Romanians, which were still owned by the Romanians, like before, in conditions similar to those of the land of Litua. From the land of Seneslau, the knights would only benefit of half of the incomes. But from the rest of Cumania, for 25 years from the moment of their beginning to rule, the knights would have all the benefits, which they would have to share with the king. The expenses for guarding the cities and defence works would also be paid together. The king promised his support, even personally, for building the citadels in Cumania and for defending the county of Cumania. The document also includes some other prescriptions, which are not relevant for our topic. A few distinctions must be made concerning the territorial formations and the nature of the relationship between them and the royalty or the knights. The knights became owners of the land of Severin and of loan's and Farcaş's principalities (knezates). Only half of the incomes were meant to the king. The king remained the direct suzerain of the land of Litua from whose incomes he only gave 43 Maria Hóiban, op. cit, pp. 82, 83, 85 studies it as a whole, up to the Olt river, which enclosed the mentioned territorial formations. Also, Ş. Papacostea, Românii în secolul al XII I-lea, pp. 80 et passim; etc. 44 „pro numero personarum exercitus de Zeurino panier et annorum“, DRH, D., I, p. 23.
