Porumbăcean, Claudiu (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria istorie-etnografie-artă 33/2. (2017)
Istorie
EVOLUŢII DEMOGRAFICE ÎN LIVADA (JUDEŢUL SATU MARE): 1867-1906 Camelia DAVID Abstract: (Demographical evolution in Livada (Satu Mare county): 1867- 1906) This paper aims at reconstituting the family life in Livada village ( at present a city) from the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20,h century. The analyzed problems are typical of the whole Transylvania; however, there are also some specific situations due to the ethnical and confessional diversity of Livada. Livada village (today a city) is located in the north-east of Satu Mare county 23 km from Satu Mare, at the bifurcation of the national roads: Satu Mare- Baia Mare and Satu Mare-Negresti-Oas. The territory of the commune superposes Someşului Field and it is crossed by the river Tur and the streams Racta and Eger. In the analyzed period, the evolution of the population was oscillating as the censuses made in Transylvania in 1880, 1900 and 1901 show: in 1900 there were 2145 inhabitants, fewer than in 1890 (2240 inhabitants). The difference is given by migration and not by a higher mortality. However, the number of families was growing: in 1880 there were 280 households, in 1900 there were 370 and in 1910 the number was 377. The number of the family members was decreasing, so a possible modern demographic behaviour - families having fewer children- was highlighted. Ethnically speaking, there was a diversity of nationalities, some being natives, while others settled here as a result of the 19"' and the beginning of 20"' century colonization (Slovaks, Croats and Carpatho-Russians). These nationalities settled here because the village was situated at the intersection of some commercial roads: Satu Mare- Baia Mare and Satu Mare- Oaşului area (then Ugocea). The ethnical diversity determined a confessional diversity; as a result, three religious communities appeared: Greek- Catholic, Roman-Catholic and Calvinist. Beside these, there was a smaller community, the Israelites, which would be diminished till total disappearance after the Second World War ( in the spring of 1944 the Jews from the present Satu Mare county -and not only -were deported to Auschwitz). Our research is a case study, one of many others, that can be done on the Transylvanian village, no matter of the historic period. We hope that through this paper we have contributed to revealing a part of the truth instead of those who cannot do it anymore. Keywords: Demographical evolution, Livada, Satu Mare, County, population, households, families Satu Mare - Studii şi Comunicări, nr. XXXIII/II, 2017, p. 41-89
