Marta, Liviu (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria arheologie 26/1. (2010)
János Németi: Acâs - Râtul lui Veres (Veres-rét). The Late Bronze Age settlement
János Németi surface (depth of plough 0-0,25 m), one cultural layer was revealed and had 0,25-0,30 cm in thickness. This trench uncovered a level of charred remains that belonged to a hearth which enabled the formation of a crust. The rescued pottery material was rather poor in forms and decorations and it is identical with the material presented above. It is probably a settlement of the Middle Bronze Age, the Otomani culture - the final phase with specific elements of the Otomani III.a period - which existed in this area between the gardens of the last street and the mill. Archaeological investigations dating from the year 2000 (Pl.lIl-lX) SI. (A+B+C+D) are assumed by cassette AJ1998 which uncovered vertical stratigraphy as this is a less disturbed area: 0-0,15 m of the present coating plant, 0,15-0,35 m of cultural layer, roughly unitary that contained pottery shards, daub pieces and fired clay, dating from the Bronze Age; 0,35/0,40 - 0,55 m of antique coating plant with depositions of the Eneolithical Age (Copper Age III) that comprised pottery shards specific of the Coţofeni/Baden culture, that superimposed a sandy clay loam devoid of archaeological traces. This trench revealed pits no. 1 and 3 with scanty Bronze Age materials in their content. Pit no. 3 was barrel-like shaped, its mouth was 0,80 m wide, the lower part grew narrower until it reached a base of 0,75 m in diameter and went 0,40 m below the Eneolithical level, reaching the maximum depth of 1,25 m (below the present trampled surface). The left side of the profile, at 0,40-0,50 m in depth, unearthed charred remains with much daub spread over an area of 1,20 - 2 m long. These charred remains probably belonged to a construction (dwelling?) dating from the Bronze Age. Pit no. 1 was largely destroyed when Crasna riverside collapsed. A handled cup was recovered from the content of the pit, from among ash, daub pieces and charcoal. With no connection to the charred remains mentioned above, the floor of a dwelling appeared extended towards the stream channel. Cassette B had 4x3 m in size and uncovered dwelling LI. This discovery contained manual wheel-made pottery, grey coloured and probably dating from the 8th -9th centuries (King Karol’s Age). Pit no. 4 with grey fill was beehive-shaped and contained pottery shards of the Late Bronze Age. Pit 4a took shape in the left side profile of the trench. It had grey fill with pottery fragments among which was found a bronze piece that had been fired and melted. Close to pit 4a was noticed a smooth layer of daub, that probably belonged to a Late Bronze Age dwelling. Pits 8, 8a were identified in an area dropping into a slope to the level of the yellow clay and were grey-coloured with few pottery shards. Pits 9 and 9a go below the cultural layer, into the yellow clay that contained scanty archaeological materials. Feature 10 appeared like a pottery pile at 20-25 cm in depth, at the level of the cultural layer of the Late Bronze Age. In the same place also occurred daub fragments, and a smooth deposition, likely to originate from a construction. SII. The Coating plant and most of the cultural layer were sloping and hardly 0,10- 0,15 m have been preserved. The left side of the profde registered pits no. 5 and 7. Pit no. 5 was funnel-like shaped. From its narrow mouth of 0,75 cm in diameter, the pit slightly grew wider towards the base where it reached a diameter of 1,20 m at a depth of 1,05 m. The dark fill contained pottery shards, pieces of stone and fragments of fired clay. Pit no. 7 in the left side of the profile was 1,60 m long; at the depth of 0,65-0,70 m it had a small step and went as deep as 1,5 m. The pit bases had been perfectly smoothed, both had had the role of storage pits at first, later on became garbage pits. SIL C+D and cassette K were drawn in an area largely affected by levees, so that features and pits no. 11, 11a, lib and 1 lc formed a grey spot. They hardly contained several pottery shards and animal bones. Pit lib, 2,55 m wide, likely belonged to a modern pit. Pit no. 12 appeared at the level of the antique coating plant and contained pottery shards of the Coţofeni/Baden culture. Pit no. 13a and trench VI assume a modem pit with the garbage remains revealing wire rope, fragments of iron blades etc. Pit no. 13 was 1,48 m wide within its profile, 1,17 m deep, with perfectly smooth base that contained ash, daub, charcoal and pottery shards. At first, it used to be a storage pit and then it was used as garbage pit. Pit no. 2 appeared first in the profile of S.2b and has been opened through cassette C. It had been oval and had 1,65x1,35 m in size, 1,10 m in depth. The pit was 268
