B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 37. 2006 (Budapest, 2006)

Bauer, Norbert: Open sandy grasslands of the Bakony region

eas. Based on species frequency and subfrequency, the grasslands characterised by Silene otites, Jasione montana, Carlina biebersteinii Bernh. ex Hörnern., Scabiosa ochroleuca, Hieracium pilosella and Ambrosia artemisiifolia species make up a smaller group (CcK) separated from the other sample groups on the basis of the classification considering the cover values (Fig. 2). But if we perform the analysis on the presence-absence matrix, these samples go into the Corynephoretum (Cc) group, similarly to the above mentioned Festucetum vaginatae and F. v. stipetosum pennatae. The Koeleria majoriflora grasslands sampled near Nagytevel can be traced back from Thymo angustifolio-Corynephoretum of Transdanubia, and we feel justified to consider it a new subassociation (koelerietosum majoriflorae n. subass.). I mark column 14 (sample 82) in Table 6 as a type sample. In the Corynephorus canescens grasslands the proportion of free sandy surfaces is typical. The more considerable cover of cryptogam level - basically by Polytrichum spp. - was typical only in some of the more undisturbed areas (samples 69-71 at Sáska, sample 79 at Salföld, and sample 78 at Szentbékkálla). Because of their isolated location (and that these were not grazed as opposed to the other sample areas) these are smaller grass patches; the grassland near Sáska can be found on a clearing of the Juniperus communis patch on a bushy grassland, and the grassland of Salföld is situated in an area closed by a sand pit and a road lined with black locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia). The sampled stand near Szentbékkálla can be found on a less disturbed area (where minimal treading is seen basically from walking tourists, but not being comparable with the effects of grazing), in a remote place that is a protected area ("Szentbékkállai Kőtenger"), with major presence of cryptogams (Ceratodon purpureus, Polytrichum piliferum, Racomitrium canescens, Tortula ruralis). In the other examined Corynephorus grasslands the low presence cryptogams is supposedly related to the impacts of the actual land use disturbances, mainly deriving from the treading of grazing animals. JENTSCH et al. (2002) discusses clearly the impacts of different animal disturbances, and the seasonal changes of the proportion of vegetation and free sandy surfaces, with an important statement that mosses (especially Polytrichum piliferum) are the dominant recolonisers following mainly the smaller disturbances (e.g. caused by ants), some phanerogams (Corynephorus, Teesdalia, Spergula, etc.) are more competitive on areas disturbed by rabbits. JENTSCH and BEYSCHLAG (2003) analyse the possibilities of maintaining Corynephoretum grasslands being repressed in Germany. The authors claim that the small-scale disturbances are important for the preservation of the Corynephoretum stands (especially in maintaining the mosaicousness) since otherwise the strongly closing cryptogams would hinder the establishment of phanerogams. Grazing, however, is harmful, and as a result of this thermophilous