B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Siller, Irén, Vasas, Gizella , Pál-Fám, Ferenc , Bratek, Zoltán , Zagyva, Imre; Fodor, Lívia: Hungarian distribution of the legally protected macrofungi species

lands), Central Europe (Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Hungary, Germany), Eastern Europe (Bielorussia, Russia) and Northern Europe (KRIEGLSTEINER 2001). Hungarian red list category: 2. Justification: Endangered because of the diminishing of old-growth forests, because of the decreasing amount of dead trees (logs) of adequate thickness, as well as for its spectacular appearance, furthermore its collection for nutrition purposes. Further problem is the strong degradation, desiccation of gallery forests, which has contributed to the Elm disease throughout Europe, and also brought the lack of a common substrate of this species. Known Hungarian records: BABOS (1989): Budapest: botanical garden of the Eötvös Loránd University (Ulmus). PÁL-FÁM and LUKÁCS (2002): Mecsek: Koszonya-tető (Asperulo taurinae-Carpinetum), Mecsek: Dömörkapu (Asperulo taurinae-Carpinetiim), Börzsöny: Csóványos (Fagetum). SILLER (2004): Bükk: Őserdő (Aconito-Fagetum). LUKÁCS (2004 as Lyophyllum ulmarium): Zemplénihegység: Jégbarlang, Budapest: Városliget. Lactarius helvus (Fr.) Fr. (Russulales, Russulaceae) Cap: 4-15 cm in diameter, convex when young, later flattened, depressed in the middle, often becoming infundibuliform with time; yellowish red, flesh-redochraceous, leather-yellow when young, surface felty-fibrillous, dull, without zones. Gills: slightly decurrent; yellowish white, later becoming reddish ochraceous. Stem: 5-15 cm long, 1-3 cm thick, paler than cap, surface pubescent-pruinose, white fibrous or yellowish woolly at base. Flesh: rigid, fragile, cream-yellow or pale reddish ochraceous, milk like water, not hot. Scent reminiscent of a Maggi spice (coumarin), becoming very intensive when dry. Life-strategy: mycorrhiza. Occurrences in Hungary, habitats: from August to October, mostly in wet forests with Sphagnum species, peat bogs, occasionally in acidic mixed forests with Betula or Pinus. Distribution, frequency: montane species of northern distribution. In European high mountains (west or south); very rare in Hungary which is, the southern border of its distribution. Found also in North America, Northern Asia (Siberia) (KRIEGLSTEINER 2000).