B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Medzihradszky, Zsófia: Holocene vegetation history and human activity in the Kis-Balaton area, Western Hungary

flow of a huge amount of fresh water. Between 4800-5900 the rate is similar to the upper part of the profile, below it the speed of sedimentation was higher, 10 yr/cm For the investigation of the anthropogenic impact the upper 340 cm of the profile was analysed and four local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) were determined (Figs 8-9). LPAZ I. 340-240 cm (ca 11350-7900 conv. I4

C BP; ca 10200-6900 cal 14

C BC): The high percentage of Pinns (50%) and a constant presence of Picea are characteristic for this zone. Among the deciduous trees Betula reaches a relatively high value, 12-15%. Slow rise of Quercus is shown and few pollen grains of Fagus are detectable. The value of Poaceae is 15% in average, and Brassicaceae, probably Cardamine show peak values. From the aquatics, the bulrush vegetation is significant with Typha latifolia. The reed-grass vegetation, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton sp., Nymphaea, and Pediastrum refer to open surface of water. The zone was divided into two subzones (LPAZ la. 340-275 cm and LPAZ lb. 275-240 cm). The division of the subzones was based on the decrease of Betula and increase of Quercus, Ulmus and Corylus. LPAZ II. 240-95 cm (7900-6000 conv. I4

C BP; 6900-1900 cal 14

C BC): The decrease of conifers and the increase of deciduous forests mark this era. In some (Fig. 7). Palynological study Fig. 7. Sediment accumulation rate, Főnyed.