B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Medzihradszky, Zsófia: Holocene vegetation history and human activity in the Kis-Balaton area, Western Hungary

LPAZ 1.480-280 cm (10300-8000 conv. I4

C BP; 10150-6700 cal ,4

C BC): In this zone Pinus dominates, its value is 30-40%. Betula reaches 15%. During this zone constantly occur the pollen grains of Quercus and Vlmus. Among herbs the family of Poaceae shows the highest, 30% value. Considerable is the presence of Artemisia. The value of Filicales is low. The area appears to have been more or less opened, without closed forest. The reed-grass vegetation is sparse, with only sporadically occurring pollen grains of Myriophyllum and Nymphaea. In the shore area the dominance of the bulrush vegetation (Typha and Sparganium sp.) is evident. Based on the ratio of the broad-leaved trees this phase was divided into three subzones. LPAZ la. 480-365 cm. Low values represent Quercus and Vlmus, the curve of Betula reaches its highest value. LPAZ lb. 365-320 cm. Quercus and Ulmus multiply, Betula decreases. The curve of Corylus increases. The forests begin closing, while the values of Poaceae decrease. Nymphaea increases in the water. LPAZ Ic. 320-280 cm. At 15% Quercus and Ulmus become stable, while Corylus reaches the first peak. Further decrease of Poaceae is observed. LPAZ II. 280-210 cm (8000-5700 conv. 14

C BP; 6700^900 cal l4

C BC): Among the main characteristic features of this zone are the high value of Quercus (about 30%), the first significant occurrence and peak of Fagus without Carpinus, Fig. 2. Sediment accumulation rate, Keszthely-Usztatómajor.