B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Siller, Irén, Vasas, Gizella , Pál-Fám, Ferenc , Bratek, Zoltán , Zagyva, Imre; Fodor, Lívia: Hungarian distribution of the legally protected macrofungi species

Flesh: at first rose, then violet-black. Scent, taste not characteristic. Life-strategy: mycorrhiza. Occurrences in Hungary, habitats: June-October, in beech woods of acidic soil, in oak woods, in hornbeam-oak mixed forests. It prefers middle aged or old-growth forests, never found in plantations. It partners in mycorrhiza first of all Fagus sylvatica, then Quercus and Pinus species. Distribution, frequency: found in the entire area of Europe, North and South America, Northern Africa, and Asia (KRIEGLSTEINER 2000). Hungarian red list category: 3. Justification: Endangered because of the depletion of the seminatural beech and oak woods with acidic soil and also for being an excellent edible species. Known Hungarian records: BABOS (1989): Zempléni-hegység: Rostalló, Laczkó-hegy (in fageto), Visegrádi-hegység: Nyalkabérc: Gizella-telep (in fageto), Budai-hegység: Tök-hegy, Nagy-Szénás, Mátra: Vár-hegy, Mátrakeresztes, Mátraszentimre, Cseplye-völgy (in quercetó), Szeleta, Őrség: Szalafő (in silva mixta). RlMÓCZI (1994): Erdőbénye, Szombathely, Tarnalelesz, Budakeszi, Bakony: Bakonygyepes. VASAS and LOCSMÁNDI (1995): Őrség: Szalafő (in silva mixta). Private collection of I. Siller: Őrség: Farkasfa: Fekete-tó. TÓTH (1999): Heves-Borsodi-dombság: Gyepes-völgy. Private collection of B. Dima: Bükk: Bükkszentlászló (Luzulo-Fagetum). Tulostoma volvulatum I. G. Borshch. (Agaricales, Tulostomataceae) Fruit-body: consists of a spherical cap-like part a slim stem. The cap part is of 1-5 cm in diameter. Its outer cover is membranaceous, whitish, creamy, peeling with time, but the lower part often holding grains of sand, might remain. The inner cover (veil) is thin like paper, with age a more or less round, relatively large (2 mm) hole is opening on its top. The stem is fibrous, dense at first, later becoming tubular. Surface smooth at first, then becoming partly squamulose. At base a hard, often sand covered, pale ochraceous volva remains from the outer veil. Hymenium: found inside the spherical cap-like part. Flesh: in the cap part at first whitish, soft, then developing into a brownish powder, in the stem fibrous-filamentous. Life-strategy: saprobiont. Occurrences in Hungary, habitats: more or less during the whole year, on dry, sunny, sandy areas, sand steppes, among grass or on bare soil.