B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. 2005 (Budapest, 2005)

Siller, Irén, Vasas, Gizella , Pál-Fám, Ferenc , Bratek, Zoltán , Zagyva, Imre; Fodor, Lívia: Hungarian distribution of the legally protected macrofungi species

Life-strategy, saprobiont. Occurrences in Hungary, habitats: March-November, on sandy steppes, pastures, Robinia-woods, Robinio-Populetum, at the edge of pine forests. Typical sandy steppe species. Distribution, frequency: Very rare all over Europe, its main occurrence is in Central and Southern Europe (JÜLICH 1984). In Hungary it was regarded as relatively frequent until the 1980s. HOLLOS and BABOS investigating fungi in the Hungarian Great Plain found it distinctly frequent. Its population size decreased drastically in the last 25 years. Its last record from Hungary originates from 1992 collection by RIMOCZI (1994). Hungarian red list category: 2. Justification: Its Hungarian population size has been decreased drastically, as well as in other parts of Europe where it has been retreating due to spreading of agriculture, and transformation and elimination of its habitats. Endangered is also because of its spectacular appearance. Known Hungarian records: BABOS (1989): Kajdacs, Vájta, Fácánkert (in campis arenosis), Alsótengelic (in robineto, populeto), Bikács-Nagydorog (in loco graminoso), Bölcske (in paludosis), Budapest: Pestszentlőrinc (in robineto), Tiszakürt (in solo arenoso), Hajdúhadház, Pamuk, Pilis hegység: Budakalász, Izbég, Bükk: Felsőtárkány (inprato). BABOS (1999): Bugac (inpasture), Izsák (in sandy grassland), Lakitelek: Tőserdő, Lászlófalva, Pálmonostora (in pasture), Petőfiszállás: Szentkút (in pasture), Ballószög, Csengéié, Jászszentlászló, Kecskemét: Nyír, Kecskemét: Talfája, Kecskemét: Kisfái, Kecskemét: Urrét, Kunbaracs: Baracs-puszta, Kunpeszér, Opusztaszer, Sükösd. BABOS (1982): Hortobágy. RIMÓCZI (1994): Nagykálló (Festucetumpseudovinae), Bugacpuszta (Festucetum pseudovinae), Hortobágy: Vámostanya (Festucetum pseudovinae). Private collection of L. Albert: Gyál. Private collection of B. Dima: Nyírség: Bátorliget. Geastrum hungaricum Hollós (Phallales, Geastraceae) Exoperidium: usually splitting into 7-8 lobes, strongly hygroscopic, outside white, inside ochracous yellow, later brown. Its diameter is 8-21 mm when wet and spread, 2-10 mm when dry. It is the smallest earthstar of the world. Endoperidium: spherical, sessile, without stalk, brown to grey, with grains (later smooth), apical peristome surrounded by a fibrous, sharp discus. Apophysis missing. Diameter 2-6 mm. Life-strategy: saprobiont.