B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 35. 2004 (Budapest, 2004)

Erdei, B.; Bruch, A. A.: A climate analysis of Late Oligocene (Egerian) macrofloras from Hungary

Table 1 (continued) Fossil taxa NLR Fossil taxa NLR Eger/middle level flora Eger/upper level flora ? Trigon ob a lan op sis rhamnoides Fagaceae ?Trigonobalanopsis rhamnoides Fagaceae Ulmus pyramidalis Ulmus carpinifolia Tu zso nia h u n g a rie a Ulmus sp. Ulmus sp. Ulmus fischeri Ulmus parvifolia ?Zelkova zfilkovifolia Zelkova sp. Ulmus pseudopyramida I is Ulmus pyramidalis Ulmus sp. Ulmus sp. Ulmus carpinifolia Ulmus sp. respectively. Fagaceae appeared in all localities except for Andornaktálya and Kesztölc, whereas remains of Taxodiaceae were missing only from Andornaktálya. As the best extant parallel to the Eger-Wind lower level flora KVACEK and HABLY (1991) designated the warm temperate to subtropical mixed mesophilous forests of Eastern Asia. In accordance with ANDREANSZKY'

s opinion (1966) they ranged its vegetation with the mesophilous forest type and presumed a total annual precipitation above 1,000 mm. The Eger-Wind middle level assemblage dominated by pine remains and Lauraceae is comparable with warm temperate subtropical seashore vegetation, whereas Ulmus and Daphnogene refer to a riparian forest. The Eger-Wind upper level assemblage is dominated by swamp and riparian plants, i.e. Alnus, Acer tricuspidatum, "Rhamnus" warthae. Thermophilous elements such as Daphnogene, Engelhardia, palms, Leguminosae, etc. refer to equable frostless climate (KVACEK and HABLY 1991). The authors emphasised that riparian forests in warmer climatic zones are today often dominated by deciduous elements (Himalayas, SE China) and they play a subordinate role in climate estimates. They did not expect a pronounced change of climate from the lower to the upper level floras. ANDREANSZKY (1966) presumed warming trends to the same interval, whereas PLANDEROVA etal. (1975) suggested cooling trends to the upper level. Finally, KVACEK and HABLY (1991) compared the climate of Eger-Wind with that confined today to Central and Eastern China. They presumed a climate without longer frost periods and characterised it with a MAT (mean annual temperature) of about 15 °C and a MART (mean annual range of temperature) of 20-25 °C. Considering leaf size and species composition HABLY (1988, 1990, Sludia bot. hung. 35, 2004