B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 35. 2004 (Budapest, 2004)

Erdei, B.; Bruch, A. A.: A climate analysis of Late Oligocene (Egerian) macrofloras from Hungary

NP24-25 zones. Mollusc fauna as well as the lithology of fossiliferous layers indicate changing salinity and a near-shore or lagoonal fades. The Kesztölc locality similarly to the Pomáz became known for its mollusc fauna (SCHRÉTER 1953). The geology of the outcrop as well as its Egerian fauna were treated by BÁLDI (1973) and LEÉL-ŐSSY (1984). Plant fossils are preserved in shaly clay with a thick coarse sand intercalation comprising a mollusc fauna (Many Sand Formation). MATERIAL Those assemblages were chosen first of all that met the minimum requirements of climate reconstruction (Fig. 1), i.e. provided enough (at least 12) taxa for calculations, such as Eger-Wind, Pomáz, Vértesszőlős and Kesztölc. In addition, the Eger 1, 2 and Andornaktálya assemblages were also included in order to get results of higher resolution. All localities include macromorphologically preserved macro-/megafossils of leaves and fruits, all preserved without cuticles. Among the Egerian fossil floras that of Eger-Wind (Eger-Wind brickyard) is the most abundant and the most thoroughly investigated. The three flora levels were evaluated separately and climate was calculated for each assemblage. With regard to the most significant works treating the Eger-Wind flora both the taxonomic survey of ANDREANSZKY (1966) and its critical revision given by KVACEK and HABLY (1991) are noteworthy. Palynological data were published by PLANDEROVA et al. (1975) and NAGY {1979). Floralist published by PLANDEROVA etal. (1975) was estimated by BRUCH (1998) using the Coexistence Approach. Results of the palyno-flora-based climate analysis are going to be compared with resultant climate variables of this study. The first note on fossil plant remains of the Pomáz locality (Kartalja area) was given by BÁLDI (1973) and later a detailed survey of the flora was published by HABLY (1994). Plant fossils of Kesztölc were studied first by PÁLFALVY (1967), however he published merely a floralist without any descriptions or illustrations and later HABLY (1988) gave a detailed analysis of the flora. Floralists of both Vértesszőlős and Andornaktálya were published by HABLY ( 1990, 1993). FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE SITES AND CLIMATIC INTERPRETATIONS All fossil assemblages involved in the analysis represent various combinations of mesophilous (zonal vegetation), riparian as well as swamp (intrazonal vegetation) vegetation types. Floralists of the localities and their nearest living relatives (NLRs) used in the analysis are indicated on Tables 1 and 2. The generated floralists of the particular localities used in the analysis are similar in broad outlines, with both deciduous and evergreen plants, such as members of primarily Lauraceae, Engelhardia, Platanus neptuni, Ulmus comprised by all localities. Palm fossils were yielded by Vértesszőlős and Eger-Wind (upper level flora), Zingiberaceae by Eger-Wind (upper level flora) and Andornaktálya,