B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 32. 2001 (Budapest, 2001)

Hably, Lilla: Rhamnus warthae Heer, an important element of the Central Paratethyan region during the Egerian

cently in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, and this has thoroughly confirmed and broadened our knowledge about the variability and character of this species. Its remains came to light mostly from the "upper strata" and some of them from the "middle strata". In the "lower strata" these leaves are absent. In this work we summarise all the data we have concerning this species, and attempt the interpretation of its taphonomic and palaeoecological background. SYSTEMATIC PART 1872 Rhamnus warthae Heer; HEER, p. 23, Pl. 5, Figs 2, 3, 4a; PI. 6, Figs 3-5. 1872 Jugions heerUEu.; HEER, p. 24, PI. 5, Fig. 4a. 1887 Rhamnus warthaeHeer; STAUB, p. 360, PI. 38, Figs 1-2. 1887 Juglans heeriiEtt;, STAUB, p. 281, PI. 27, Fig. 1. 1887 LaurusprimigeniaUnger, STAUB, p. 303, PI. 28, Fig. 6; PI. 29, Fig. 1; PI. 34-35, Fig. Id. 1966 Styrax cï.japonica Sieb, et Zucc.; ANDREÁNSZKY, p. 85, Text. fig. 76. 1966 Elaeocarpus palaeolanceolatus Kolak.; ANDREÁNSZKY, p. 94, Text. fig. 87. 1973 Lauraceophyllum (Litsea) primigenia (Unger) Givulescu; GlVULESCU, p. 18, PI. 4, Fig. 1 ; PI. 6, Fig. 20; PI. 7, Figs 1-13. 1988 Symplocos sp.; HABLY, p. 44, PI. 9, Fig. 6; Text. fig. 80. 1989 Symplocos sp.; HABLY, p. 89, PI. 3, Fig. 1; Text, figs 55-56, 58. 1991 "Rhamnus" warthae Heer; KVACEK and HABLY, p. 64, PI. 12, Figs 1, 4. 1993a "Rhamnus" warthaeHeer; HABLY, p. 12, PI. 2, Fig. 2. 1997 Rhamnus warthae Heer; PETRESCU et ai, p. 81, Pl. 11, Figs 2-3; Pl. 32, Fig. 4. Material: Andornaktálya: BP 89.557.2, cf. BP 89.564.1; Eger-Wind brickyard: BP 67.115.1, BP 70.28.1, BP 70.34.1, BP 70.40.1, BP 71.728.1, BP 90.9.1-BP 90.56.1, BP 92.4.1-BP 92.5.1; Kcsztölc: BK-1133; Nagysáp: BK-1155, BK-1327; Petrozsény (Petrusany): BP 58.51.1, BP 58.53. l;Pomáz: BP 97.161.2, BP 97.176.1; Pusztaberki: cf. BP 99.364.1. Description. Leaves simple. Lamina 3.5-14 cm long and 2.1-5.5 cm wide. Shape of lamina obovate, ovate to lanceolate. Apex acute, base cuneate. Margin toothed. Teeth irregular, very thin, sharp, and very small. Venation camptodromous-brochidodromous. Midvein, secondaries and also the tertiaries are strong, well observable. Secondaries, as well as the tertiaries form compound loops are very characteristic of the species. Taxonomic remarks. The valid systematic position of "Rhamnus" warthae Heer is doubtful. KVACEK and HABLY (1991) suggested an affinity to the genus Rubus, based on its mass occurrence in the riparian vegetation of the Eger-Wind brickyard and also in the Zsil Valley since it recalls a similar association of the Lower Miocene of North Bohemia. In the latter area riparian forest was dominant,