B. Papp szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 30-31. 1999-2000 (Budapest, 2000)

Papp, Beáta; Rajczy, Miklós: Contributions to the knowledge of bryophytes of the forests along the Fekete-Körös, SE Hungary

clearings, young plantations, e.g. the always fertile, quick spore producing Funaria hygrometrica, Physcomitrium pyriforme, Phascum cuspidatum; or Bryum rubens with rhizoid gemmae, or Bryum. bicolor quickly spreading by its axillary bulbils; 2) perennial and long-lived shuttle species {e.g. Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium hians, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Fissidens taxifolius) live on wet soil in shaded forests, adapted to the more constant, undisturbed conditions. The bryophyte vegetation is quite poor in species in some forests because of the shading of the dense nitrophilous weeds or of some very dense and dark tree stands, where the soil is covered only by litter. In inundation areas the main substrate for the bryophytes is the tree trunk. The species composition varies with the distance from the ground. At the base of the trees, up to ca 40 cm, Brachythecium species (B. populeum, B. rutabulum, B. velutinum, B. salebrosum), Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Amblystegium serpens and Bryum laevifilum are frequent, but rarely also Eurhynchium angustirete, Lophocolea heterophylla occur. Some of them are also frequent on soil (Brachythecium rutabulum or Plagiomnium cuspidatum). The very common Hypnum. cupressiforme is also very abundant at the base, but may also be frequent even in the upper parts of the trees. At higher zone of the tree trunks, between 40 and 70 cm, in the well structured, semi-natural forest stands Anomodon species (A. atténuants, A. viticulosus), Homalia trichomanoides, Isothecium alopecuroides and Porella platyphylla appear. Hypnum cupressiforme is also predominant in this height in the more artificial stands. At 70-120 cm Pylaisia polyantha, Pseudoleskeella nervosa, Platygyrium repens are frequent, Homalothecium sericeum is rare, and in good, semi-natural stands Leucodon sciuroides occurs as well. At 120-150 cm Orthotrichum species, or rarely Tortula papulosa and Ulota crispa occur. Two liverwort species (Frullania dilatata, Radula complanata) are also very frequent and characteristic. The borders of these zones are certainly not very sharp, the distribution of the species is often overlapping. The corticolous bryophyte cover in the semi-natural, old, mixed stands is often remarkable, it may be 70-80% near the base (up to ca 60 cm), and appr. 50% at higher parts (60-120 cm), and only 20-30% above 100-120 cm. In humid microclimatic conditions with satisfactory water regime mainly pleurocarpous mosses of mats, lax tufts, sometimes pendulous growing forms are typical. The small cushion forms (Orthotrichum, Ulota species), adapted to drier conditions, appear in the upper parts of the tree trunks.