L. Hably szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 21. 1989 (Budapest, 1989)

Buczkó, Krisztina; Rajczy, Miklós: Contribution to the flora of the Hungarian caves II. Flora of three caves near Beremend, Hungary

We used similar cultivation and observation methods as in our previous work (RAJCZY et al. 1987). The algological samples were scraped off by presterilized instrument into algological sterile jars filled with Bold medium (STEIN 1973) from the green spots as well as from visibly intact places. The samples were divided into three parts. The first parts were preserved by means of formaldehyde solution. The second part of the samples were cultivated in glass jars filled with Bold medium, the third ones were cultivated on solid agar-plates in the laboratory. The algal cultures were examined after 30-90 days. Permanent diatom slides were made by HORVÁTH's method (HORVÁTH 1975) as well as in our previous study. An Assman Psychrometer was used for measurement of the temperature and relative air humidity. The light conditions were measured by a Cosilux-2 photometer with three repetitions referring to actual surface radiation. RESULTS Beremendi-ordöglyuk Though this cave has two entrances, its climate is not strange at all as both of them open at the ceiling. This way we do not give the detailed climatological data. Its lake had been filled with the waste of the quarry, but the thermal water affects the climate of the cave. In the innermost parts the temperature was 12.0 °C, which is 3-4 °C more than usual in Hungary. Due to the upper entrances (Fig. 2) the first hall of the cave is very well illuminated, therefore this place had a rich vegetation. 32 algal taxa (Table 1) were detected from this cave. Comparing it to other caves a lot of Cyanobacteria lived here, and a few Chromophyta and Chlorophyta species. Cyanobacteria is represented by 16 taxa, half of them occur in hot springs and greenhouses. It is not surprising because the cave is very close to the level of thermal water. The most common species were: Navicula contenta, Plectonema schmidlei and Gloeocapsa punctata. This Gloeocapsa species formed thick, black carpet around 23 sampling point. We could not distinguish, according to algae, smaller or larger habitats of different species, because the algal distribution was sporadic in this cave. A lichen, Lepraria sp. lived in the cave on clay and on mosses. There were 13 moss and 1 hepatic species (Table 2) living in this cave. Among them Campylium calcarewn, Didymodon rigidulus var. glaucus and Eucladium verticillatum are remarkable. Schistidium apocarpum is not a characteristic taxon in cave entrances (H.-KOVÁCS 1985) but its occurrence in the sunny second entrance is not too surprising. The most characteristic moss was Amblystegium serpens var. juratzkanum, living both on clay and on stone as well. Where the relative light intensity was more than the tenth of the total light this spcies fell into the background. Where the light was less, it was practically the only pleurocarpous moss. The following habitats could be distinguished according to mosses: 1. The Eastern rock surfaces of entrances: Rhynchostegium murale and Hypnum cupressiforme were the characteristic species in the upper part of entrances, deeper Amblystegium serpens var. juratzkanum and the acrocarpous Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum were common. Accompanying species were Eurhynchium schleicheri and Fissidens pusillus (3, 5,5-6,6,8,16,17-18,18 sampling points - Fig. 2). 2. The opposite rock of the first entrance: beside the mass forming Aspleniwn, several acrocarpous mosses lived there. Instead of Bryoerythrophyllum, the troglophil Eucladium