L. Hably szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 20. 1988 (Budapest, 1988)
Lőkös, László: Lichens on Fumana I. An investigation on herbarial sheets
MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 170 herbarial sheets with Fumana specimens were investigated from the Herbarium Carpato-Pannonicum in the Botanical Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (BP). In many cases there were more than one Fumana specimens mounted on each individual sheet. Table 1 lists the collecting data extracted from the labels of these sheets. Map 1 shows the distribution of the collecting sites of Fumana specimens in Hungary. At present the last four collecting localities are in Czechoslovakia (116122, 116128, 116129) and in Yugoslavia (443327). Thirty-two sheets belong to Fumana procumbens (Dun.) Gren. et Godr, and 3 sheets to Fumana ericoides (Cavan.) Pau. (116122, 116124, 116166). Identification of the lichen species was carried out using the following works: POELT (1969), POELT and VËZDA (1977, 1981), WIRTH (1980). In the course of the identification, lichen specimens with young and slightly developed thalli caused many problems. In these cases only the genus could be identified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The 14 lichen species found on herbarial Fumana specimens, their floral element indication, European distribution, growth form and dissemination type are given in Table 2. Cladonia furcata (Huds. ) Schrad., a common terricolous lichen species is mentioned in the list of the epiphytic lichen species for the sake of completeness. It does not belong to them, since it only accidentally colonizes the bark of Fumana . It is not considered in the licheno-geographical spectrum and is excluded from further discussion. The species SZATALA (1939a) also found on Fumana procumbens are designated by asterisks (*). Caloplaca cerina , C. cerinella, Lecania cyrtella , L. fuscella . Lecanora hageni and Phaeophyscia sp. are recorded from Fumana for the first time in Hungary. The licheno-geographical spectrum is the following: Cosmopolitan 27%, Circumpolar 27%, Eurasian 27%, European 19%. Concerning to the European distribution, most of the species can occur from the boreal to the Mediterranean areas. Since Fumana has similar distribution, one would expect that probably the same or similar epiphytic lichen vegetation would live on Fumana within this whole area. This seems to be confirmed by the four non-Hungarian data. This lichen community can be characterized by the high rate (77%) of crustose lichen species reproducing by ascospores produced in apothecia, the smaller rate (23%) of laciniate foliose lichen species, and by the lack of crustose lichen species reproducing by ascospores produced in perithecia. This lichen community cannot evidently be arranged in any epiphytic association mentioned by the lichen sociological literature (KLEMENT 1955, BARKMAN 1958, GALLÉ (1977). There are three characteristic species of different ranks subordinated to one another in the list (by WIRTH 1980), namely Physcia adscendens for Physcietalia ads c endentis Hadac 1944 em. Barkman 19 58, Xanthoria parietina for Xanthorion parietinae Ochsner 1928 and Lecanora sambuci for Lecanoretum sambuci Wirth 1980. These species apparently point out that this community may belong to the Lecanoretum sambuci association proposed by WIRTH in 1980. Table 3 shows the occurrence of the lichen species listed in Table 2 on each individual herbarial sheet. The most frequent species on the sheets was the Rinodina pyrina , followed in turn by Physcia adscendens , Caloplaca cerinella , Xanthoria parietina , Arthonia tenellula and Caloplaca holocarpa , etc. There was no considerable difference between the epiphytic lichen vegetation of Fumana procumbens and F. ericoides according to the herbarial Fumana material. Finally some further questions can be mentioned: - Does the lichen community of Fumana presented here form a single, distinct association? In the case of dwarf shrubs is a whole plant suitable for sampling instead of quadrats? Consequently, lichen frequency data from recordings of herbarial dwarf shrubs could be suitable for sociological studies.
