Zs. P. Komáromy szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 15. 1981 (Budapest, 1981)
Babos, Margit: Mycological examination of sawdust depots in Hungary
AB can be aeen from Table 1, 5-6 taxa of the characteristic species community can be found: at sawmills which were examinated only one or two times (e.g. in Miskolc, Lenti, Franciavágás, etc.). In case of repeated examinations it is probable that the total or almost total number of characteristic species could have been observed in these sawmills as well (as e.g. In Budakeszi, Szárliget, "Lepence-völgy"). Such a great agreement in the species composition, and the regularly, year after year, repeated appearance of the characteristic species, lasting from spring to autumn, could not be experienced in the course of mycocoenological examinations related to terricoloi •, T.acroscopic fungi. It is interesting from an ecological viewpoint that only a rather small proportion of the necroparasitic-saprophytic species living on wood or wood-material in Hungary, could be found in habitats providing ample quantities of water and nutrient material. On the other hand, such saprophytic fungi also live on sawdust that are not mentioned in the literature as living on sawdust and wood shaving, too. In comparison between the species composition of fungi living on sawdust and the results of succession examinations carried out on trunks of frondose trees (KREISEL 1961; RUNGE 1969, 1975), the following statements can be made: in the decomposition of trunks Poriales and Polyporales species take part primarily in. No tinder fungi could be found on sawdust; the species that occur in the species lists in a small number (Trametes, Schizophyllum , etc . ) grew on planks decaying in sawdust. Of the Agaricales species growing also on sawdust, it was only the Pluteus atricapillus , P. romellli (= P.lutescens) , Hypholoma fasciculare and H. sublaterltlum species that were observed by RUNGE (1975) and KREISEL (1961) on trunks of Quercus robur and Fagus Bilvatica . The proportion of various frondose trees and coniferous trees in mixed sawdust changes continually because coniferous trees are processed rarely and in a smaller quantity. However this fact has no influence on the occurence of the characteristic species. Mycocoenosls changed in certain depots only to the extent that some fungi, living on pines and pine punks also appeared (e.g. Paxillus panuoides , Collybia exsculpta , Collybia impudica, etc.). In punks consisting only of pine sawdust and pine bark (Nyirmeggyes, Tuzsér) the only species was Pluteus patricius from the characteristic species community of mixed sawdusts, that could be found. The examination of this question should however be continued, since it was only on one occasion that I could examine depots containing pine-wood waste only. The appearance of different fungi was determined much rather by the "size" of the waste than by the proportion of different kinds of wood in the waste. Sawdust proved to be the best medium. The very fine wood flour, the loose wood-shavings, plank pieces, and bark themselves are less satisfactory; however, in the course of their continuous mixing with sawdust, by their splitting into pieces and their becoming compact, the mixture can be utilised as well. The composition of mycocoenoses is mostly controlled by the thickness of the sawdust layer, and the temperature conditions closely related to this. Such thermophilous species as e.g. Volva riella volvacea and Leucoagaricus meleagris (living in hotbeds or greenhouses), could be picked up in mass from sawdust which was stored in thick layers (2-3.5 m), from early summer till autumn. The heat and vapour of the decaying sawdust can provide even in the open air the conditions necessary for these species to produce fruit bodies. Data were obtained (Table 3.) on the heat requirement and heat endurance capacities of the mycelium in certain species. On unwarmed, flatly stored sawdust - even if the sawdust depot was farther away from the forest (e.g. at Zalahaláp) - species growing on trunks and on their decaying roots (Hypholoma fasciculare , H . sublateritium) were found in mass. Species with lower temperature demand, characteristic of sawdust (e.g. Pluteus patricius, P.atricapillus, Leucoagaricus bresadolae var, biornatus) also regularly produced fruit bodies. The species, however, the heat requirement of which could not be satisfied by the temperature of the sawdust stored in thin layer ( Volvariella volvacea , Leu coagaricus meleagris) were missing. On the decaying matter of bark heaps which is covered with litter in the forest year by year (Uzsa, Szárliget), llttercolous saprophytic fungi develop in great quantity (Lepiota aspera, L.cris- tata. Collybia dryophila, C.dlBtorta var. ?. Lepista nebularis, Agrocybe praecox , Lycoperdon perlatum , etc.). These could be gathered - obviously because of the advantagous water-storing capacity of the bark - even on such occasions when owing to dry weather no fungi could be found in the neighbouring forest. On the bark heaps the saprophytic forest fungi living on decaying wood also appeared. For example, Lycoperdon pyriforme and Xylaria digitata grew in mass (see the species list on p. 41-44). Tp.e appearance of the forest species could also be seen on the edges of sawdust depots being in forest environment (e.g. "Vinye-major", "Lepence-völgy"). The influence of environment of the
