Torsello, Davide - Pappová, Melinda: Social Networks in Movement. Time, interaction and interethnic spaces in Central Eastern Europe - Nostra Tempora 8. (Somorja-Dunaszerdahely, 2003)

Interaction, migration and change

Migration from the former Soviet Union 227

2 We studied members of this group in Subcarpathian Ukraine in 2001, in their places of origin and in places of permanent residency.

3 We studied separate waves of this resettlement from 1991 in their former places of residence and then, after their resettlement, their process of adjustment in the new Czech environment.

4 Although the new law 326/1999 Sb. changed the terminology, we are using here terms that permit comparison to the situation before 2000.

5 The item includes asylum seekers with the former Soviet Union passports.

6 Some Czechs from Kazakhstan moved to Russia just at the beginning of the 1990s. When those who were descendants of Czech migrants launched the process of resettlement to the Czech Republic, they joined it and resettled too.

7 The word “Mafia" has no connection to groups composed on the kinship basis. In Eastern Europe and Asian states of the former Soviet Union the term simply indicates groups of organised crime - that is, groups characterized by the mutual interdependence of their members, solidarity and remorseless rules (see also: Finckenauer 2001).

8 According to our field data, integration into the majority society is most successful among school-aged children, economically active people (at work), and believers (by force of church communities).

9 From 1945 to 1947 nearly 40,000 people of Czech origin, including descendants of 19th century Czech immigrants to Ukraine, resettled in Czechoslovakia. These people originated from the Volhynia region in Ukraine and thus were called Volhynian Czechs. Their organisation united people of the same origin and cultural and regional interests (more information about Volhynian Czechs in: Vaculfk 1981; Valášková, Uherek and Brouček 1997; Vaculik 1997-1998).

10 Interview from August 2, 2001.

11 According to Entzinger, Germany, Austria and Switzerland are the most apparent examples of the model.

12 A classical example is France.

13 According to Entzinger, it is typical for Scandinavian and Benelux countries as well as the United Kingdom.

14 Includes Slovak citizens registered by Job Centres (Slovak citizens do not need work permits).