Bukovszky László (szerk.): Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig. Mátyusföld - Lokális és regionális monográfiák 4. (Komárom-Dunaszerdahely, 2005)
Helynévmutató
ges stopped the natural growth of economy. Analyzing the economical development of Mátyusföld from the dualism until 1945 one can be declared: the Hungarian and European economical processes had a great effect on it. The Hungarian reception of thel9th century Western-European political and economic intentions tried to find acceptance in the parliament of the Reform Age, and aimed to the abolition of feudal way of manufacturing and serfdom. The acceptance of fee simple in 1840, the April acts of 1848 ceasing socage services and the acceptance of patents in 1853.Each event helped to revolutionize the serfs' legal situation, and a modern kind of agricultural production could be started on large estates, on the former feudal lordships. On the grounds of proprietorship, formed in the second half of the 19,h century more competitive large estates were founded in Mátyusföld. The Esterházy family’s estates in Bernolákovo, Senec, Tomašíkovo, Slovenské Pole and Dolný Jatov, and the estates of the Sládkovičovo Sugar Refinery preceded a significant agricultural production. The change of powers and the land reform resulted an essential change of ownership in Mátyusföld after the World War I. The confiscated, monopolized large and medium estates were apportioned with a satisfactory financial aid to the Slovak, Czech and Moravian planters who settled down in the territory. The market of the agricultural production was relatively good. This was assured by cereal and crop dealers and by smaller agricultural companies, which were founded to process crops as well. The history of culture in Mátyusföld from the Middle Ages until 1918/19 formed parallelly with the universal intellectual development of the Hungarians. After Trianon until 1945 the Hungarians of the region, who were in majority by the way, had to create a new base using the wisdom of their forefathers ,due to the new socio-political situation. The spiritual power of church strongly affected the development of culture not only in medieval Hungary ,but in Europe as well. The Christian culture as the part of universal culture spread to the territory by virtue of Benedictine monks living in the small monastery of Diakovce and from the nearby Šaľa. Our first coherent written linguistic record, the Obituary Speech and Prayer is closely connected with the presence of the Benedictines. The book of ceremonies prepared for the order was used from 1228 to 1241 in Diakovce and in the neighbouring Matúškovo. Before the happenings in Mohács and right after it the age of Humanism and Reformation showed the diverse ways of education. This period and the years of Counter-Reformation had some more important references in Mátyusföld. Gál Huszár, the renowned preacher could flourish in Čierny Brod thanks to the Thurzó family and their support ,and so enjoyed this donation Péter Bornemisza, Balassi Bálinťs past educator, who moved to Šintava and founded a press in the market town. In Senec was born the “fanatic of the Hungarian literature, its sacrifice and fool in good sense”, Albert Senczi Molnár the excellent philologist and theologist. At the end of the 161” century Šaľa with its Jesuit College became the headquarters of the Counter-Reformation in the region. In the 17m andl8th centuries the Baroque culture which was tightly connected with the Counter-Reformation impacted on the erudition of the people in the region. The civic development of the 19 ’' century offered some new opportunities for education. In the high circles of intelligentsia and strengthening citizens of Mátyusföld there were born more societies in the second half of the IS”1 century. The Casino Associations and Fellowship Clubs were organized in market towns without exception (Galanta-1874, Šaľa -1878).The existing social background more or less formed viable associations until 1918-19. Also in the second half of the century readership clubs were organized to raise the ordinary people’s level of education. Such cultural associations running untill945 were characterized by multifarious activities. During their blooming function the attention was mainly drawn to amateur acting, organizing cho-382
