Bukovszky László (szerk.): Egy régió története a XI. századtól 1945-ig. Mátyusföld - Lokális és regionális monográfiák 4. (Komárom-Dunaszerdahely, 2005)
Helynévmutató
tolOth November, 1938.After twenty years the area of Mátyusföld dwelt by Hungarians got back to the motherland. Though the Czechoslovak hegemony broke off, the territory could settle in neither economically nor socially. In the second half of the 19"' century the first political parties, organizations were formed. The structure of parties of that time was characterized by the conciliation and the relation with it. The birth of Czechoslovakia brought an absolutely new situation. With the introduction of general right to vote the Hungarian minority in Slovakia got into a political dilemma. The first political parties were formed after the elections to the chamber of deputies in 1920.The National Christian Socialist Party and the Hungarian National Smallholders' and Farmers' Party (from 1925 Hungarian National Party) were the most dominant political assemblages wit the utmost number of voters. From the left wing firstly the social democrats were strong, but after their parting it was the Czechoslovak Communist Party, which had a relatively great support. After the Viennese Verdict the structure of parties got into the melting pot. In the economical constitution of the region the agricultural production had always played a great part. In spite of that the market towns in Mátyusföld became important market places, some of them grew to notable commercial centres thanks to the regal right received from the squire (Šintava, Sered', Šaľa).The so developed market places (Šaľa, Galanta, Šintava, Vlčany, Sládkovičovo, Sered', Senec, Horné Saliby, Močenok) meant a sufficient market for the industrial production of the guilds being founded in the 16,B, 17'h andl8th centuries. The guilds formed in lordship centres in most cases gathered the craftsmen of the area belonging to the lordship itself. The aim of the craftsmen and industrialists knitted into guilds was to protect themselves from outsider goods delivered by dealers,from the bunglers’ race, and at the same time they wanted to obtain favours in buying raw materials and selling products. This guild-network with its long tradition was ceased in Hungary according to the Act No.1872:8 In the second part of the 19"' century, in time of dualism the Hungarian industrial revolution had a great effect on several industries, which took roots in Mátyusföld. The technical revolution began on the one hand with the mechanization of agriculture, on the other hand it was orientated to the development of food industry, whose primary aim was to process crops (milling industry, distilling industry, sugar industry).In the second half of the 19”’ century the milling industry became one of he utmost industries of the Mátyusföld. In the turn of the 19"’ and 20"' centuries and in the first third of the 20ih century the conventional water-mills were replaced by steam and electric mills(Šaľa, Senec, Vlčany, Neded, Váhovce, Mostová, Selice, Tešedľkovo, Veľké Úľany, Sládkovičovo, Diakovce, Dolné Saliby etc.).The sugar industry of Mátyusföld played an important role in the history of Hungarian sugar production. The first sugar refinery of the country was founded by Miklós Lacsny. After the early attempts the Sugar Refinery Ltd. of Sládkovičovo was founded in 1867 and soon became the most developed factory of the country. The same can be declared about the Agricultural Sugar Refinery in Sered’, founded in 1906. At the time of dualism local savings banks were formed to satisfy the farmers' and peasants’ financial demands. The first savings banks were founded in the former market towns and in market areas like in Sered' (1867), in Galanta and in Šaľa (1873).In the” golden age”of Hungarian banks between 1895-1913 eight other banks were formed: three in Galanta, two in Sered’, in Senec and Šaľa one and one. During the economic boom the region’s most powerful institution was the Bank of Galanta. According to the aftermath of the Viennese Verdict the existing banks were directly attached to Budapest banking. The World War II affected the banks negatively, because the dama381
