Pro patria. Tanulmányok - A Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Levéltár Kiadványai III. Tanulmányok 12. (Nyíregyháza, 2004)

Summaries

and Hungary's integration. There were two main points in Károlyi's political perception and public work: to serve the dynasty and the representation of the feudal interests. Until 1703 he was able to reconcile those points but in 1711 he was forced to chose and he obliged himself at feudalism that was more important to him. ISTVÁN CZÖVEK: His work Russia and Rákóczi's insurrection examines how prepared Ferenc Rákóczi II, the ruling prince of Hungary and Peter I, tsar of Russia were for the diplomatic tasks waiting for them. Their upbringing and education were very different from each other. Rákóczi, as a descendant with a great past, had wide European relational connections. He was also a late renaissance lord who obviously wanted to be a Hungarian prince. No one was concerned about Peter's preparation for ruling. The later great reformer only acquired the most necessary basis but imperfectly. As a statesman there was a great task waiting for both of them. They had to create a well-organized state and to this they also had to frame an adequate foreign policy. Rákóczi's rebellion was locally well-defined in the European federalism since it was opposed to the Habsburgs and this fact obligatory put it by the side of the French. On the other hand Peter's rule grew into the European policy elaborated by Szófja (companion tsar) and her close friend Vaszilij Golicin (the most européer man in the Russian court at the time) as Peter became a member of the Holy League that was against the Turkish. While Rákóczi made efforts to strengthen his position in Europe through his marriage, Peter tried to encourage a union against the Turkish in the Hague and in Vienna. From 1704 negotiations began about the possibilities of Hungary and Russia's cooperation but there was no agreement because of the changing political aims. GYÖRGY CSATÁRI: In his study entitled Beregszász at the time of Rákóczi's insurrection he evokes the beginning of the war of independence mainly on the basis of the prince, Sándor Károlyi and Pál Tarpay' diary and archival sources. The opening meeting of a new organization in Beregszász was held on the fair on 22 May after a lot of men joined in Vári the rebellious people in Tarpa. It was rumoured on the market place that Rákóczi was coming to Beregszász and he had already started. Tamás Esze and Albert Kis stated the Brezán proclamation, unfolded the red flags that proclaimed Rákóczi's name, status and the slogan: "With God for the country and freedom". Later they started paramilitary organization: the so-called popular-leaders sworn and after this they confirmed military grades among each other. Thereafter the sworn troops wandered all over the area, propagated the proclamation, recruited troops for the liberating war, but they also despoiled the noble