Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 16. (Nyíregyháza, 2003)

Rezümék (angol, német)

industrialization. Nearly 30 thousand people had to earn their bread commuting daily or weekly because of the economic backwardness, the over-population and the great number of the poor of the county. The number of transmigrators and immigrants was much higher than the average in the country. The transmigrating difference and loss of the population and wage-earners was the greatest among the counties. In the studied period almost 150 thousand people tried to get on migrating in the country. Szabolcs-Szatmár county experienced the most favourable natural and real increase in the population. However, the county was left out of the industrialization and the projects aming at improving employment. It was an agricultural area where large population could not be employed even after the land-reform or by cooperative farming. ÉVA KUJBUS MECSEI: The Characteristics of Nyíregyháza as a Market-Town in the Decades Following the Resettlement Nyíregyháza had a special position in the extremely heterogenious Hungarian market- towns of the 19

th century. Although the village resettled in 1753 rose to the rank of market-towns by getting the right of holding annual fairs only in 1786, by that time it already possessed the general characteristics of the oppidum. Owing to the resettlement and the continuous immigration following it, the number of inhabitants to a great extent exceeded the number of inhabitants of the regions former market-towns struggling with losing their function. A major part of the city's inhabitants consisted of farming and animalkeeping serfs who were free to move from place to place. However, more and more artisans and intellectuals came to settle here from the end of the 18

th century. A big borough council was elected to govern the life of the large community for the first time in the year of the resettlement. Order was kept by the Town Embellishment Committee. Due to the exceptional economic and legal favours granted to them, which were put in writing in the contracts of settlement and the subsequent contracts, the inhabitants of Nyíregyháza had become so well-to-do that they were the only ones in the county to redeem their provisions from their landlords in the first third of the 19

th century. The free buying and selling of the properties that became their own, the beginning and later on the livenning up of the credit deals projected the development of a new social srtucture of the town.