Rédey Judit: Hideg nyalat és spanyol tekercs. A fagylalt, a jégkrém és a parfé története (Budapest, 2007)

Parfé fotó, Hauer cukrászda Photograph of frozen custard, Café Hauer The technology of ice-cream making changed a lot during the centuries. In the beginning, the ice cream mass was stood up in a vessel containing salted ice, and the mix was whipped with sticks. Confectioners later adopted the method of rotating the entire pot together with the cooling mix. From the mid-19

lh century, based on an American patent, a so-called external handle ice-cream-mixer with contrary rotation. The invention of the alternate current electric engine in the last third of the century allowed the manufacturing of large quantities of ice cream. Ice cream arrived into the New World from England. London-born Philip Lenzi already advertised his ice cream shop in a New York newspaper in 1774. Two years later it was New York City where the first American ice cream parlor opened. Towards the end of the 18

lh century, George Washington spent a sizable amount of money - two hundred dollars per year - on the icy delicacy, and later bought an ice-cream making device himself. President Madison's wife offered ice cream to the high company during the reception held following his inauguration in 1812. Free African-Americans of Wilmington were proud that Mother Sallie Shadd was the first to make ice cream in Delaware, and she was the one who acquainted the First Lady with ice cream. Ice cream thus became the favored dessert of the White House. Nancy Johnson, a smart lady from Philadelphia invented a hand-driven ice cream freezer in 1846. Although some people say she failed to acquire a patent for her invention - which was to open a new period in the history of ice cream - and sold her idea for 200 dollars, there is a patent registered under her name. That is how the Johnson Patent Ice Cream Freezer came into being. The device turned around a metal vessel by cogwheel gears within a wood-covered tub, where salted ice served the purpose of freezing. This American invention naturally came to Hungary as well. Not only ice cream's preparation changed through the centuries, but also the manner of its consumption. Initially it was mainly a specialty served at feasts for people of the exclusive classes. The layer of consumers widened first at the end of the 18

th century, then another jump is observed around the 1900 turn of the century, whereupon ice cream became a popular food item available for everyone. The invention of the milk separator, the spreading of beet Fagylaltgép Ice cream maker