Salló Szilárd (szerk.): A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 10. (Csíkszereda, 2014)
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SALLÓ SZILÁRD STRATIFICAREA SOCIALĂ A CIOBANILOR Rezumat Examinând structura meseriei de cioban, putem constata că în majoritate s-au păstrat rolurile tradiţionale de cioban. Componenţa de personal a stânei este asemănătoare cu cea de dinainte cu zeci de ani. Stabilirea numărului persoanelor se bazează pe argumente raţionale, precum mărimea turmei. Diviziunea muncii este flexibilă, în ciuda faptului că domeniul de activitate al unui cioban este bine definit, există totuşi tranziţii între diferitele roluri. O schimbare mai importantă, privind structura acestei ocupaţii, în satul Mădăraş Ciuc, a însemnat dispariţia parţială a unei funcţii tradiţionale, anume oierului montan, deoarece în ultimele decenii, acest rol s-a contopit cu rolul baciului. Imre Vancsa nu mai îndeplineşte rolul de baci tradiţional, activitatea lui fiind mult mai complexă, mai degrabă similară cu rolul unui antreprenor: acest baci se ocupă mai ales cu sarcini administrative, care odinioară aparţineau oierului montan, în timp ce rolul tradiţional al unui baci implica alte sarcini. în prezent, baciul are astfel o sferă de activitate complexă, în care se îmbină statutul oierul montan cu cel al baciului. THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION OF SHEEPHERDS Abstract Reviewing the present structure of sheepherding, one can observe that its traditional roles have mainly subsisted. The staff of the sheep farms remained mostly the same. The number of the staff members working on the farm is determined by objective principles, as the number of sheepherds is correlated to the dimension of the stock. The share of the tasks is mostly flexible: even though each sheepherd has his specific area of activity, there are still passages from one role to another. The partial disappearance of the traditional mountain sheepherd occupation has been the major change in the professional structure of sheepherding in the village Mădăraş Ciuc (Csíkmadaras), as during the past decades, his duties have been undertaken by the sheepherders' leader. Vancsa Imre not only attends the traditional role of a sheepherd leader, as his range of activities have become more wider than in the past. His role become more similar to that of a contractor. He has to undertake mainly administrative tasks, which previously had to be done by the mountain sheepherd. Meanwhile, he has to fulfill the traditional tasks of a sheepherd leader as well. In these days, a sheepherd leader has to face a complex range of activties, which combine the role of the mountain sheepherd with that of the sheepherd leader. 376
