Darvas Lóránt et al. (szerk.): A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 5. Néprajz, muzeológia, természettudományok (Csíkszereda, 2009)

Természettudományok - Elekes Erzsébet: Flóra és vegetáció Kápolnásfalu környékén

173-220

A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE 2009 - II.

Elekes Erzsébet

FLÓRA ÉS VEGETÁCIÓ KÁPOLNÁSFALU KÖRNYÉKÉN

Abstract: [Flora and Vegetation around Căpâlniţa] The village Căpâlniţa (Rom. - ; Hung. Kápolnásfalu) lies in the Harghita mountains, between height levels 720-950 m, at the feet of peak Harghita-Mădăraş.

The village surface is 7446 ha out of which 104 ha village property, 630 ha plough land, 1912 ha hayfield, 2111 ha pasture, and 2689 ha forest.

In 1989 the flora list of the village has been elaborated for the first time with aid from Conf. Dr. Dumitru Mititelu, tutor of my diploma thesis. Since then, the list has been completed with 253 species, while all 429 species are in my herbarium. The list of the present flora was elaborated with help from Prof. Dr. Péterfi Leontin Ştefan. The majority of the 429 species were gathered in hayfields and forests. The nomenclature was used on basis of Romanian flora. The flora consists of 429 species belonging to 265 genes, 71 families, 48 orders, 8 subclasses, 6 classes, 2 sub-branches and 2 branches. The great number of species is a proof of the varied nature of the Căpâlniţa flora.

The analysis of bio-forms shows that the majority of plants are perennial (66,65%) and herbs. Trees are represented in 18,41%, whereas perennial and biannual plants are represented in a percentage of 14,44%.

The analysis of floristic elements shows that the majority of species are of a northern phito-geographic origin (82, 03%). Southern species are represented in a percentage of 4,42%. Cosmopolite plants in 5,59%. Endemic plants in 3,72% whereas adventive plants only in 2,09%.

The ecological analysis of species shows that the majority are acidophile (58,73%) living on brown acidic soil. The number of xeromezophites (27,50%) shows the rocky nature of the soil. Mezothermic plants are represented in a high percentage (81,62%). The high percentage of heliophile plants (62%) shows that the majority of plants grow in sunny spots.

There is a small number of protected and rare plants.

Endemic species:

Centaurea indurata Janka. (Asteraceae)

Leucanthemum waldsteinii (Schultz Bip.)Pouzar (Asteraceae)

Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. et Kit. (Brassicaceae)

Erysimum wittmanni Zaw. (Brassicaceae)

Phyteuma tetramerum Schur (Campanulaceae)

Lathyrus transsilvanikus (Spreng.) Fritsch (Fabaceae)

Hepatica transsilvanica Fuss. (Ranunculaceae)

Ranunculus carpaticus Herb. (Ranunculaceae)

Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. (Asteraceae)

Pulmonaria rubra Schot (Boraginaceae)

Campanula abietina Griseb. (Campanulaceae)

Crocus vernus (L.)Hill (Iridaceae)

Soldanella hungarica Simk. (Primulaceae)

Helleborus purpurascens W et K. (Ranunculaceae)

Melampyrum bihariense Kern. (Scrophulariaceae)

Hieracium rotundatum auct. Non Kit. (Asteraceae)

Relict species:

Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae)

Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth. (Polypodiaceae)

Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae)

Saxifraga hirculus L. (Saxifragaceae)

173