Darvas Lóránt et al. (szerk.): A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 5. Néprajz, muzeológia, természettudományok (Csíkszereda, 2009)
Néprajz - Szikszai Rózsa-Katalin: A kommunizmus ünnepeinek tér- és időhasználata Mezősámsodon az 1970-es és 1980-as években
A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MUZEUM ÉVKÖNYVÉ 2009 - II. 121-134 SZIKSZAI Rózsa-Katalin A KOMMUNIZMUS ÜNNEPEINEK TÉR- ÉS IDŐHASZNÁLATA MEZŐSÁMSONDON AZ 1970-ES ÉS 1980-AS ÉVEKBEN Abstract: [Space and time specifications of the communist holidays at §incai, 1970-1980 (Rom. Hung.: Mezősámsond)] This study aims to present the communist holidays celebrated in the settlement of Sincai between 1970-1980, focusing mainly on the time and space specifications of these. The reason for choosing this period was, that by the end of 1970-1980, the structure of the above mentioned holidays had already been crystallized. The settlement of §incai - because it was close to an administrative centre, Räciu, and a cultural centre, Tärgu Mure? - became quickly urbanized, mainly during communism when the number of those who commuted to the town was large. In the village there are three ethnic groups living together: Romanian, Hungarian and Roma (Gipsy), and from the point of view of religion there are Roman catholic, Greek catholic, orthodox and reformed. Because the number of those who practice the Roman catholic religion is very small, I made interviews with individuals who belong to the reformed church. During these interviews I tried to learn what did these people thought about the holidays that were forced upon them by the communist system and if they did participate in them. One of the attempts of socialism was to make the private sphere visible, to create an image and to determine the social actors to correspond to this image. When it was impossible to make an accordance between the image created by the communism and the real one, than a clear and sharp border appeared between the public and private sphere. Because the celebration of the holidays implies the use of publicity, (the use of the public time and space), the communist regime organized its celebrations in a way that these remove the religious ones and to possess the public time and space of this community. The first part of the study presents the way these holidays were celebrated and the second part is an analysis of the use of the public space and time by the authorities during these celebrations. Rezumat: [Specificatiile de timp $i de spatiu ale särbätorilor comuniste la §incai in anii 1970-1980] Studiul urmäre?te prezentarea särbätorilor comuniste care au avut loc in comuna Sincai (magh.: Mezősámsond) intre anii 1970-1980, punándu-se un accent pe specificatiile de timp ?i de spatiu ale acestora. Motivul alegerii acestei perioade este faptul ä structura acestor särbätori se cristalizase deja in anii respectivi. In comuna Sincai - datoritä faptului cä se aflase in apropierea unui centru administrativ, Räciu, §i respectiv a unui centru cultural, Tärgu Mure? - procesul de urbanizare a fost unul rapid, mai ales in anii comunismului, cänd numärul naveti?tilor a crescut in mod semnificativ. Localitatea este populatä de diferite etnii: träiesc impreunä romäni, maghiari ?i rromi, iar in privinta cultelor populatia este impärtitä in romano-catolici, greco-catolici, ortodoc?i ?i reformat! Deoarece numärul celor care practicä religia romano-catolicä este foarte micä, am cu precädere intervievat persoane apartinänd bisericii reformate. In timpul interviurilor am incercat sä aflu ce pärere aveau membrii acestei comunitäti despre särbätorile impuse de sistemul comunist ?i in ce mäsurä participau la aceste celebräri. Unui dintre incercärile socialismului era ca sfera privatä sä fie fäcutä vizibilä, crearea unei imagini ?ablon ?i conformarea actorilor sociali cu aceasta. Cänd conformarea imaginii create de cätre comunism cu imaginea realä nu mai era posibilä, atunci a existat o delimitare clarä ?i ascutitä intre sfera publicä ?i privatä. Deoarece in sfera publicä celebrarea särbätorilor 121
