F. Mentényi Klára szerk.: Műemlékvédelmi Szemle 1998/1. szám Az Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség tájékoztatója (Budapest, 1998)

TANULMÁNY - G. Lászay Judit: Ingatlanok ingatlan ingóságai avagy a műemlékek „tartozékai”

considered as a monument, that has to be protected, this means an artificial, arbitrary action. This is inevitable however, as monuments are the material elements of a smaller or larger community's historical consciousness and their destruction and the loss of their values would be a loss for the culture of the whole community. A special kind of our material heritage, the question of historic complexes and their movable heritage is getting an increasing international importance. The Council of Europe has organized a workgroup within the Cultural Heritage Committee, that has elaborated in three years a recommendation containing guidelines in connection with the subject ready for official acceptance. These guidelines are referring to those kinds of immovables that are from historical, archeological, artistic, scientific, social, technical or cultural points in unity with the buildings or edifices without any regard to the fact that they are in the exterior or in the interior: - when they are phisically attached to the building - or they form a part of the building for reasons of historical, archeological, artistic, scientific, social, technical or cultural coherence and cannot be separated from the whole without substantially damaging or diminishing the heritage value of the structure or the unity of the complex. Taking into consideration the above definition the wooden panels, wall paintings, wooden ceilings, floor, chandelier, altars, stalls all belong to this circle, like furniture made for a certain part of the complex (library), niche statues, small details - fittings, handles, iron bars, objects of artificially created landscape -, statues, buildings, machines of industrial monuments, or the furnishing of a historical monument, like a battleship, or the environment of a famous person together with the personal belongings. With the vanishing of the above mentioned movables monuments loose their essence, historical and cultural complexity and a mere empty cover is remained. As a result of their movable character elements of this circle are extraordinarily endangered (even wall paintings can easily be removed and transported), so they are very much called for in art trade. Their illegal trade is spread all over the world. At the same time the change of function and in the case of religious buildings the change of liturgy can also be dangerous of them. A basic point of the guidelines is that protection is neutral as regards to the owner. They deal with the legal background, the relation of the protection and the owners, the tasks of both parties, sanctions and the necessary system of preferences for the owners. A basic condition of suitable protection is the pictorial registration easily to be reached. This does not serve only legal work, research, but if it is necessary the the police inquiry or the permission of transport as well. Any kind of organization dealing with monument protection, even with a background of legal sanctions can fulfill its task - often against the not interested owners - only in case the Ministry of Finance ensures an articulated, clear-cut system of support for them. Last, but not least the guidelines lay a stress on questions of management, education and forming of social consciousness.