F. Mentényi Klára szerk.: Műemlékvédelmi Szemle 1998/1. szám Az Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség tájékoztatója (Budapest, 1998)

MŰHELY - Váli István Csaba: A kandallófűtés vázlatos története

type. With the inserting of an iron panel the air got through the firing area from below, and the opening being narrow, the speed of the air increased. When there was a fire burning, the iron panel was taken away, burning was slower and it could give the heat to the room. Millet's fire-place made the lighting of fire more accurate with increasing interior draught. Different solutions were invented to increase the heating effect. A special case of the so called fire-place stoves was the unification of tile stove and fire-place. It was also made of cast iron. In the middle of 19th century gas fire-places appeared, made of cast iron. In Hungary fire-place heating was not favoured in modern times, it was only an atmospheric effect. The first known examples are from Visegrád, the Salamon Tower, from around 1250. In the 15 th- 16 th centuries most of the Hungarian castles contained fire-places and fragments of them have remained to us. Some of them - like that of Vaj­dahunyad castle, Simontornya, Devecser or Sárospatak - should be mentioned. In the 17 th century corner fire-places were made, or they were fit in the wall. Their framing became more and more ornamented and Baroque fire-places were not inde­pendent any more but were rather parts of the interior (like in Edelény, Vasszécsény or Fertőd). In the time of Neoclassicism slightly decorated fire-places of fine material were made, stylistically similar to the furniture. (E.g. Pest, Károlyi palace, Kismarton, Esterházy castle). In the time of Historicism a wooden fire-place was made for the Matthias room of Buda castle with marble inlay on the frame, and a fire-place in "Romanic" style was planned for the St.Stephen room. In the period of Art Nouveau beside pieces planned by Károly Kós in the "Hungarian style" the famous pieces of the Zsolnay factory should be mentioned. Fire-places were known in folk architecture as well, although spread later than stoves and ovens. Different fire-places have remained to us from Transylvania, the Upper Tisza Territory and wine-press houses of the Dunántúl. In most of the places they were used for baking, but now they have only a decorative function.

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