Haris Andrea szerk.: Koldulórendi építészet a középkori Magyarországon Tanulmányok (Művészettörténet - műemlékvédelem 7. Országos Műemlékvédelmi Hivatal,)

Altmann Júlianna: Az óbudai és a budavári ferences templom és kolostor kutatásai

The Franciscan Churches and Monasteries of Obuda and Buda Castle Julianna Altmann The research work of the Franciscan Churches and Monasteries in Óbuda and Buda Castle was limited to certain areas. At the time of raising the housing estate in Óbuda, the remnants of a group of buildings were unearthed at the address of 14-21 Vöröskereszt Street. The western front of the small aisleless church is unknown; the chancel has a rectangular plan. A burial chamber with ashlar masonry was uncovered in the chancel it contained only secondary findings, including the gravestone of Michael de Beez. The monastery was situated north of the church, but only a small section of the western wing, could be excavated. The only room with a complete groundplan was next to the chancel. In course of the construction of this building, parts of the earlier Roman walls were either incorporated or bypassed. Only a small section of the heating system in the eastern wing was uncovered. Bricks were probably used for the pillars of the heating system and here, too, the material of the earlier Roman walls was re-used. The church was dedicated to St. Francis. It was first mentioned in a document dating back to 1298. Its significance grew after 1444, when it became the only church remaining in the possession of the conventuals. Its destruction can be associated with the Turkish raids; by 1533 it had become uninhabitable. By virtue of its proximity to the royal court, the church situated in Buda Castle and named after St. John the Evangelist was much more important. Although the precise conditions of its foundation are not known, there are indirect sources suggesting that it was built during the 1260s. The influence of the Franciscan Order in the royal court was growing during the 1240s, as indicated by the fact that Andrew III, the last king from the Árpád dynasty, was buried here in 1301. After 1444 the monastery went into the possession of the Observants. Its destruction was caused by the Turkish sieges. During the period of Turkish suzerainty, it was converted into the Mosque of the Pasha in Buda. After Buda's recapture, the Carmelites built their church here; when the Carmelite Order was dissolved, the building was converted into a theatre. The Baroque church was practically built right on top of the mediaeval building. The excavation of a longer stretch of the wall of the nave was possible on the north side. Ashlar buttresses and pillars were uncovered here. We also found a smaller section of the sou h wall of the nave. The chancel arch has not been discovered; the apst is oi a polygonal type. The theatrical equipment of the old tneatre was kept in the place where the chancel used to be, so it was completely pulled down. The carved stones and tombstones, including the Renaissance tombstone of the elected Bishop of Zagreb, Zsigmond Vémeri, was discovered among the rubble used for filling in the nave. The monastery was south of the church, but the building standing there has so far precluded any serious excavation work.