Icomos híradó különszám (A 37. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 2007 Eger, 2007)

(supposedly) maintenance free function. There performance-in-use criteria are rarely challenged on the basis that many building owners, funders, planners, building professionals and contractors find it difficult to think and plan strategically beyond the stated guarantee periods. Yet, many buildings that are being repaired by these replacement materials may already have provided an effective service life for well over a hundred years. Consequently, there is a need for a greater debate on these issues that could be triggered by the sustainability, carbon footprint and embodied energy arguments that currently exist. The deliberations could focus on cooperation and multi-level integration across the disciplines to review how the present supply and demand factors could fit into the emerging understanding created through a renaissance of relevant knowledge on how traditional building actually do perform. To achieve a real meaningful change in direction calls for a greater degree of awareness of the range of risks that are currently being taken. The potential that a considerable amount of money is being wasted in carrying out ineffective repairs and inappropriate maintenance needs to be recognised, and a significant change in the way we have been habitually training and educating in the construction industry needs to be reversed. Recognising that the industry actually operates in two almost equal parts - new-build, and the repair and maintenance sector - is the starting point. Conclusion Given the challenges that have to be faced it is clear that a significant change is required to the way the construction industry deals with its repair and maintenance sector. By omitting any formal education or training in the sector over the past half-century there is much to be caught up on. In recognising this challenge much can be achieved through goodwill and a co-ordinated effort by all the parties involved. Some significant steps have been taken in recent times and there is every hope that this will continue to produce positive results in the years ahead. oÇ^SS* =<^v^o »çj<£>° Margareta Vyoraí-Tschapka Grinzing - Cultural Landscape in Danger Among the settlements on the hillsides in the northwest of Vienna Grinzing is the most famous one. Its history is going back to the times of the Celts who cultivated wine in this region. When the district became part of the Roman province Pannónia presumably the houses of wine growing farmers existed there in the values of the streams flowing to the Danube. The place was only one kilometre away from the Limes road that the Romans set up along the Danube in the first and second century. The rests of a Roman watchtower are preserved under the church of St. Jakob in Heiligenstadt situated between Grinzing and the Danube. The existence of the medieval village is attested by documentary sources in the beginning of the 12

th century, and since then the cultivation of vinyards increased. In the 14

th century Grinzing was known as a prospering village of wine growing farmers who had their houses in the bed of the streams Pointen bach and Reisen berg bach joining in the upper part of the village. This area and also the lower parts of the settlement were fortified by towers and at least three small castles. Outside of the village stone walls running through the vinyards on the hills flanking the settlement guarded the population against attacks of enimies coming down from the forests on the mountains in the northwest or from the Danube in the east. The mountain next to the Danube (Leopoldsberg) since the 12

th century was castellated by a fortress of the Babenberger margraves. He set up his residence in the city of Vienna in the 13

th century. We do not know exactly the view of the medieval village of Grinzing but as the cellars of nearly every house in the centre show medieval stone walls (only the vaulting parts often were rebuilt in brickwork in the 16

th and 17th century) we have notice about the structure and the arrangement of the houses themselves. They were built on narrow but deep rectangular parcels, each house flanked by a courtyard parallel to the dwelling. Towards the street the courtyards were closed by walls with a gate, the dwelling had a gable façade. The entrance of the house was situated on its yard side. The oldest houses with gable facades preserved in Grinzing are of the late gothic period (about 1500), some of them belonging to clerical owners kept by