A műemlékek sokszínűsége (A 28. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1998 Eger, 1998)

Előadások / Presentations - GERŐ Győző: Turkish architecture in Hungary

the Mevlevi dervish convent situated next to it. This is the most intact monument of its kind in Hungary today. Following its 1686 recapture the mosque was converted into a church, mostly keeping its original character. Large scale explorations preceded its restoration in the second half of the 1950s The restoration was based on the results of the research. Thus the vestibule was partially reconstructed using the column remains of the vestibule of the Gazi Kassim pasha's mosque. The tympanum above the gate has stalactite ornamentation, the mihrab (apsidal niche) and walls were decorated by vegetal motifs and calligraphy. The mimber (pulpit) on the right of the mihrab is a gift of the Turkish government. The remains of pointed horseshoe arch stucco festoons and ornamenting wall painting can be seen in the cupola. The groundplan of the Malkoch bey mosque is similar to that of the one in Pécs. This is an interesting example of the close connection between research and restoration. Several remains of the mosque built between 1543 and 1565 came to light as a result of exploration. Thus the partly walled in or converted horseshoe arch windows, the walls nearly up to the drum of the dome and the walled-in mihrab were found. The foot of the frame of the niche is carved from stone, the framework itself is made of bevelled bricks. The groundplan of Ali pasha's mosque in Szigetvár built in 1589 is made interesting primarily by the location of the minaret and the structure of the vestibule. Today this is the Roman Catholic parish church of the town. The details of the vestibule of the mosque partly freed from the conversions following the Turkish domination also came to light during explorations. They are partly in the Baroque vestibule and the gallery. Suleyman sultan's djami with its minaret was built in Szigetvár Castle between 1566 and 1568. Beside the horseshoe arched windows this is the only monument in Hungary that has pearl shaped windows. It is rectangular with an 'L' shaped vestibule, which has the remains of a prayer niche at its southeastern end. This is the only mosque with a rectangular shape among the monuments in Hungary. There is a prayer niche and a wall niche in the jami, and the walls are richly decorated with original calligraphy. During the one and a half centuries of Turkish rule, tomb edifices, turbas, were built in significant numbers. At present only two exist, although according to written sources and pictures their number was much higher. Gül baba turba is located on the present Hill of Roses in Buda. It was built between 1543 and 1548. It is still a famous place of pilgrimage for Muslims and especially Turks. It has a regular octagonal shape. The turba itself is a building based on stone and covered with a dome without a drum. The sidewalls are decorated with simple illusionistic images. It has a single horseshoe arched window letting light in from above. The Idris baba turba in Pécs built at the very end of the 16th century is similar in character. It is an octagonal small building with split stone walls and a dome without a drum. The windows are on two levels. The present entrance has a Gothic stone frame, which is the result of a Baroque conversion. Originally it had a straight closing door opening framed with simple stone blocks, which has been explored. A small brickframed round window is situated above each small window on the bottom level. The turba was originally plastered (today there is no plaster on the walls) and the only ornament of the inside walls was a wall arch line running around under the dome. The stone frame wall niche which can be seen today was made at the end of the 17th century when the turba was converted into a chapel. Beside the jamis the baths represent perhaps the most well-known group of Turkish architecture. From among the four Buda thermal baths (ilidjan) the present Király bath, called Cockrel's bath in Turkish times, is the one which best preserved its original exterior, despite having been reshaped several times and new sections having been added during the 18th and 19th centuries. There is a dome above the pool and small rooms covered with domes and cove vaults connected to the northern side of the dome hall. It has a rectangular groundplan in a north-south direction. Except for the mostly converted vestibule on the southern end, the bath largely preserved its original shape. The remains of the vestibule have been explored. An octagonal pool with