XX. századi műemlékek és védelmük (A 26. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1996 Eger, 1996)

Előadások: - Suzanne van Aerschot-van Haeverbeeck: Recording and protecting the architectural heritage of the twentieth century in Belgium and especially in Flanders

SUZANNE VAN AERSCHOT-VAN HAEVERBEECK RECORDING AND PROTECTING THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN BELGIUM AND ESPECIALLY IN FLANDERS The historical background and actual situation of the recording and protection on legal basis of twentienth century architecture in Belgium and especially in Flanders can be considered as representative to some extent of the general situation. The complexity of this architecture is aknowledged nowadays; „international modernism" (cf. N. Pevsners', 1 ,,Pioneers of Modern architecture') is no longer considered as the only valuable movement, since the more popular Art Deco and Regionalism with their vernacular dérivâtes are taken into account as well. The problem related to the slow process of „reception/recognition" of this heritage could also be similar in other European countries. As far as this point is related to the legal framework and the official policy and their development, the Belgian and Flemish situtation represents of course a case study. That is why a general context is inserted before focusing on the evolution and actual situtation. General context Belgium, an independent country since 1830, is now after the reform of the State in 1993 a federal state with a constitutional monarchy and Brussels as its capital and the seat of the federal government. The federal territory has a surface of 30.528 km

2 and 10.131.000 inhabitants, what provides an average density of 328/km

2 (390/km

2 in Flanders). The country is adminisztratively divided into three regions, three communities and ten provinces. The Belgian population represents about 91% of the total figure; about 58% are Felmish and belong to the Flemish region (in the North) whereas 32,7% — including the 69.000 people of the German speaking community — belong to the Walloon Region (in the South). The Brussels Region comprises 9,4% of the Belgian inhabitants. Foreigners represent 9% of the population, 60% belonging to the E.C., the others being mostly from Moroccan andTurkish origin. The official languages are Dutch, French and German. The actual situation results from a slow emancipation process set in with the so-called cultural autonomy since 1969. By then cultural affairs were delegated to two separate ministries, one for Dutch speaking Flanders and one for French speaking Wallony. This declaration represented a decisive date in the Monuments and Sites policy, as the Royal Commission on Monuments, was divided into two sections, each having its own chairman, both sections were in charge of Brussels. This venerable Committee with an advisory task with regard to works on important „monu-