Varak és kastélyok (A 25. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1995 Eger, 1995)

Előadások: - Eeva-Liisa Rautalahti: Suomenlinna – világörökség

EEVA-LIISA RAUTALAHTI EGER SUMMER COURSE ON THE PROTECTION OF HISTORIC MONUMENTS 1995 SUOMENLINNA - A WORLD HERITAGE SITE Introduction Suomenlinna, meaning "Fort of Finland", is a sea fortress situated on six islands adjacent to Helsinki. The major part of the fortress was built during the period 1748—1770, and was in military use until 1972. It comprises of six kilometers of grämte walls and a chain of earthen cannon empilacements about two kilometers long, some 250 buildings of different age, size and use, a drydock, and some 70 hectares of parks and open land. The history of the fortress is one of changes, starting from being the stronghold of the Swedish archpelago fleet, then becoming a Russian garrison town, and later the base of the Finnish coastal artillery. Today Suomenlinna is the 19th district of the city of Helsinki, with 950 inhabitants and 450 work places, as well as being a popular recreational area for the citizens of Helsinki, and one of Helsinki's main tourist attractions. Last, but not least, it is also one of the most important national monuments of Finland. At the end of 1991 Suomenlinna was nominated to be one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites, and together with Rauma Wooden Town, was first Finnish sites on the list. This paper will first briefly describe the history of Suomenlinna, and why it became a World Heritage Site, then tell about the restoration works there and the principles used in its conservation, highlighting the description with some current examples. Finally I will discuss what it means for Suomenlinna to be a World Heritage Site. History of Suomenlinna The Swedish period In the beginning of the 18th century Sweden was a great power in northern Europe, its domain included Finland and areas all around the Baltic Sea. But after the Great Northern War, in the peace treaty of Uusikaupunki, in 1721, Sweden was forced to cede the Baltic provinces, Ingria and a part of Finland, Karelia. In 1743, after another war between Sweden and Russia, furthermore areas of eastern Finland were lost to Russia. It was necessary for the Swedes to reconstruct the defences of its new borders. In the year 1747 a decision was made by the Swedish Diet to build a fortress in Helsinki — to counterbalance