Műemlékállományunk bővülése, új műemlékfajták (Az Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1987 Eger, 1987)

Nováki Gyula: Őskori és középkori földvárak Magyarországon

MRS. LÁSZLÓ ILLÉS MEMORIALS AND SITES OF IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS A NATIONAL LIST OF SITES OF IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS Before my treatment of this topic, I should like to define what is meant by "sites of important historical events", where they are to be found, the tasks relating to them if we wish to preserve them. All objects, documents, written notes, records or accounts or historical events or figures are historical documents. The investigation, collection, preservation and evaluation of objects, written documents or other accounts of the past are carried out by numerous institutions; museums, archives and record offices. Archives and record offices are important sources of scientific information, and the exhibitions at museums can also provide important data. Among the tasks of the Hungarian Museum of the Workers' Movement, we find the collection, systemization, presentation, and research into the period stretching from 1848 to the present day. There are however other types of historical documents which we shouldn't forget. These are the sites of historical events, or places relating to the ativities of famous people. The Hungarian Museum of the Workers' Movement has recognized the importance and significance of research into these sites. In 1980, it prepared a programme of national research. It presented its plans to the Ministry of Culture and received the official go-ahead. Before commencing its work, the museum clarified the period to be covered, and defined what it considered to be a site of historical events. The Museum accepted the view of the profession, according to which a site of important historical events is a place where important historical events occured, or where an important personality lived or worked. A distinction is then made between "marked" and "unmarked" sites. By "marked", we mean places, or objects etc., where a memorial or plaque is already standing. Research concentrated on "marked" sites but there are plans to include "unmarked" sites at a later date. One of the sources of confusion and misunderstanding is the fact that many plaques, or signs we found related to places where the person concerned had never been. This was particularly true in the case of street-names, and the plaques at the beginning of these streets are not listed. The same is true of Arts Centres named after important historical figures. The person concerned never entered the building. However, such sites are listed as 19, Reáltanoda u. where Petőfi's parents lived in 1848—49, and where Petőfi's father died, or 7, Pilvax köz where the revolutionary movement of the March Youth was centered, or 19—21 Kossuth Lajos utca where Petőfi lived from October 1844—October 1855 and where he wrote "János Vitéz", or 4, Deák tér where Petőfi's school was situated in 1833—34. One thing is certain though, the vaste majority of Petőfi, Kossuth, Széchenyi, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky and Ságvári Endre streets have nothing to do with their name-givers. Before starting research, at the instigation of the Ministry of Culture, a Professional Committee was formed. It followed the work and defined the period to be investigated. The committee consisted of representatives of the Ministry of Culture, the Council of Ministers, the Institute for Party History of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, the National Council of the People's Patriotic Front, the National War Museum, the Arts Council, the National Inspectorate of Historical Monuments and the Hungarian Museum of the Workers' Movement. It was decided that the period 1832—1962 should be covered, paying particular attention to the following historical periods and movements: — the progressive historical movements of the XlXth century — World War I and the anti-war movements — the revolution of 1918 and the Hungarian Republic of Councils — the White Terror, and the political activities of emigree politicians — the struggles of the illegal Communist Party between the World Wars and the SDP, the legal wing of the Com munist Party and the Popular Front Movement — resistence to Fascism — the Liberation of Hungary — liberated Hungary, the formation and activities of the Temporary National Government — reconstruction and land reform