Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

KARSTIFICATION

Fig. 32. Morphological map of Likas-kő, Hódos-ér (VERESS-FUTÓ 1987) Legend: 1. contour line; 2. col; 3. ruined cave remnant; 4. cave ruin; 5. fill; 6. ruined spherical cauldron; 7. chimney remnant; 8. rock overhang (partly filled spherical cauldron); 9. rock block; 10. collapsed material; 11. debris fan; 12. debris slope; 13. terrain covered by unconsolidated and reworked sediment; 14. exploration pit In the walls of gorges or gorge-like valley section in sites where caves are frequent, an arcuate rock wall of several metres' length develops on the slope. The reason why this happens is the caving of the steep slope here as a consequence of intensive cavity destruction. Other slope processes are repressed in these places and, therefore, the downwearing of slopes is moderate. In the walls of gorges ruined caves of vertical axes (Pict. 46), which are partly destroyed former chimneys originally developed in the karst water zone. They are similar to cave remnants of stream erosion origin and located close to the channel. Chimneys may also contribute to the destruction of valley sides as the erosion of the narrow dividing walls between chimneys produce depressions of 5-10 m width and wedge out towards to upper end of the valley side. They may be still dissected by remnants of dividing walls (Pict. 47). The cavities exposed by stream erosion promote valley incision (the gorge character is strengthened) and those exposed by the destruction of valley walls result in valley widening. The whole process is called valley evolution through cavity exposure, which is a particular but common form of karstification.