Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

KARSTIFICATION

position of beds \ of enclosing >w rock fracturing of >v enclosing rock dip increases position of beds \ of enclosing >w rock fracturing of >v enclosing rock low dip (0 to cal0°) high dip (ca 11 toca 42°) increasing number of fractures (fracture zones), individual fractures distinct low I/a 1. circular, symmetric 2. in centre 3. chimney ~T\ /EX Gy

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3 1 1 1 doline1 '[ M ponor H/a 1. elongated asymmetric 2. on margin 3. oblique passage G-5/a ^^^^^^^^ ponor increasing number of fractures (fracture zones), individual fractures distinct high I/b 1. circular, symmetrical twin doline 2. in centre 3. chimneys and oblique passages 1

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1 y~p with1 l|l^T|Tl ponor H/b 1. elongated 2. on margin 3. chimneys and oblique passage Ho-1 /

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X doline! ^ / ponor , 2 3 ^ ^5 \JJ6 LUD? ^8 Fig. 8. Geological structure, chimneys and karst features (along the dip direction of enclosing rock, VERESS 1982a) Legend: 1. shape of karst depression in plan and side view; 2. location of conduit in depression; 3. character of cave; 4. horizontally bedded limestone; 5. dipping limestone beds; 6. cave passage (secondary chimney); 7. fracture planes; 8. karst depression along bedding planes and fractures); - solution landform assemblage of chimney walls; - primary chimney ruins filled by soils and redeposited cover sediments on the chimney walls (secondary chimney); - the gradual narrowing of chimneys in the base rock; - blind and subsidiary chimneys of various position, branching out from main chimneys; - the presence of collapse material zone above the solution zone (it does not only indicate origin through exposure but also the peak of solution intensity being further away from the surface); - the steep-sided depressions in cover sediments indicate the inheritance of the blind valley formed in carbonate rock into the cover sediment by collapse.