Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

THE NORTHERN BAKONY MOUNTAINS: A GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

The Zirc Basin is bordered by numerous smaller fragments (to the N: Bocskor Hill; W: Kő, Csengő, Kakas Hills etc.) of planated and exhumed horsts in summit position. The S and E boundaries (towards the Tés Plateau) are constituted by exhumed horsts in summit position (Álmos, Hagymás-tető and Tunyok Hills). The Pénzesgyőr Basin is closed by the Som Hill (a horst in summit position) to the N, by the Iharos-tető (a semiexhumed horst in summit position) to the S and by the Kőrisgyőr Hill (an exhumed horst in summit position). The Lókút Basin is separated from its E environs by an exhumed horst in summit position (Kávás Hill) and by horsts in summit position (Kőris Hill of Hárskút, Borzas and Papod Hills) from the Hárskút Basin to the S. The Hárskút Basin (the central part of the Hárskút Plateau) is encircled by exhumed horsts in summit position (Mester-Hajag and Égett Hill) to the N, horsts in summit position to the W (Hajag) and E (Kőris Hill of Hárskút, Borzas and Papod Hills). On the S boun-dary horsts uplifted to summit position and exhumed (Gyöngyös, Kis-bükk, KisFekete-erdő Hills) and semiexhumed horsts in summit position (Vejemkő) follow. In the area of exhumed horsts in summit position (of Middle Cretaceous limestone) between the Zirc, Porva, Pénzesgyőr, Lókút and Hárskút Basins remnants of the inselberg type karst are common in patches of variable size and exhumed to various degrees. All the basins are lined with an almost uninterrupted loess mantle. The Csehbánya Basin is encircled by the Hajag mass to the E and buried horsts in low summit position (Csiga Hill, Mane Hill of Ganna, Nyúl, Kerék and Öreg Hill) to the S and W. To the N, it is separated from the Bakonyjákó Basin by the Hallgató Hill. Waters from the non-karstic terrains of the basins are collected by water-courses with superimposed-antecedent valley sections (mostly karst gorges) along the basin margins. The Porva Basin is drained by the Hódos-ér and the Hárskút, Lókút, Pénzesgyőr and Bakonybél Basins by the Gerence stream. (Part of the Hárskút Basin is drained by the Öregfolyás.) The water-course of the Zirc Basin is the Cuha stream and those of the Csehbánya Basin are the headwaters of the Séd and the Köves stream. Surface waters from the Bakonyjákó Basin flow into the Bittva stream. The Dudar Basin, presented below, is drained by the Ördög-árok, the Dudar and Gaja streams. The Dudar Basin divides the Eastern Bakony into two parts: the Sűrű Mountain Group to the N and the Tés Plateau to the SE. The N section of the Sűrű Mountain Group is dismembered by some NE-SW tectonic grabens into rows of exhumed horsts in summit position (Örök Hill or Zörög-tető, Várbükk). The Csesznek Castle Hill is a semiexhumed horst in summit position. It is divided into two units by the superimposed-antecedent gorge of the Kőmosó into two parts. Its water-course drains the non-karstic surface in the tectonic graben S of the Castle Hill. In the S part of the mountain group semiexhumed (Sűrű and Kő Hills) and buried horsts in summit position (Magos Hill) occur. On the Tés Plateau, particularly along its S margin, marked hills rise, which are either horsts in summit position or exhumed horsts in summit position (Öreg-Futóné, Kis-Futóné, Téses-tető, Márkus-szekrénye, Vár-berek and Sár-berek). The central part of the plateau gently slopes to the N and dissected by NW to SE superimposed „hanging" valleys. The loess mantle has been preserved both in the valleys and on interfluvial ridges in thicknesses of several metres. (The water-courses of the plateau margin could not reach the plateau or only retreat to a small degree.) To the E the Baglyas-Iszka Hills group of horsts (in threshold position) are separated from the Tés Plateau by the Bakonykút Basin. (The group of horsts looks upon the Mór Graben.) To the N the Tés Plateau is bordered by the Kisgyón-Balinka Basin, which