Veress Márton: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 23. - Covered karst evolution... (Zirc, 2000)

Explanation of frequently used concepts

Explanation of frequently used concepts Valleys Regression valleys: Valley developing on non-karstic deposits on carbonate rock (further: cover sediment) in a direction opposite to slope. Antecedent valley: Valley incision by the erosion of its water-course keeps pace with uplift along a section of the valley. As a result a gorge is created. Superimposed valley: The water-course erodes through cover sediments and valley formation goes on in the underlying carbonate rock. Regressional-superimposed valley: A retreating valley is inherited over from the cover sediments to the underlying carbonate rock. Antecedent-superimposed valley: Along a section of the inherited valley, an antecedent valley section develops. Developed superimposed valley: The water-course in the valley has cut through the cover sediment entirely. Along its total length the valley is incised into the carbonate rock. A developed superimposed valley can be active or inactive. An active superimposed valley has a water-course (although part of the water seeps away) and, thus, there is valley incision. An inactive superimposed valley - with the cover sediments removed from its catchment - has no water-course and, consequently, there is no incision. Developing superimposed valley: The water-course of the valley has not yet cut through the cover sediments along the whole length of the valley. Complex valley: In the mountains double or triple complex (terraced?) valleys are common. This shape is most typical of developed superimposed valleys. The internal valleys appear on the flat alluvial floors of developed superimposed valleys. In some cases the latter have already cut through the fills of older valleys locally (regressional developing superimposed valley). Pregenetic valley: A superimposed valley which had been inherited over the carbonate rock earlier than the zone of flowing karst water formed. Syngenetic valley: A superimposed valley, which was inherited over the carbonate rock at the same time as the zone of flowing karst water formed under the valley. Postgenetic valley: A superimposed valley which was inherited over the carbonate rock after the zone of flowing karst water had been formed. Valley evolved through cavity exposure: A superimposed valley the incision of which was partly due to cavities formed through dissolution by water seeping away from the water-course. Below these valleys or valley sections local solution intensifies as a consequence of influx of large amounts of water from non-karstic catchments. This type of valley evolution is particularly common along superimposed-antecedent valley sections, which are gorge-like and have many caves in their sides. Karst features Syngenetic covered karst features The chimney developed in the karstic rock is inherited over the surface, where an undrained landform with passage (later covered or filled in) is produced. The following syngenetic karst features are identified: Covered karst ponor: The chimney develops on a valley floor with water-course. The