H. dr. Harmat Beáta (szerk.): A Bakonyi Természettudományi Múzeum Közleményei 22. (Zirc, 2005)

KEVEY BALÁZS: A Bakonyalja homokvidékének erdei II. Homoki erdeifenyvesek – Festuco vaginatae-pinetum sylvestris Soó (1931) 1971

FOLIA MUSEI HISTORICO-NATURALIS BAKONYIENSIS A BAKONYI TERMÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI MÚZEUM KÖZLEMÉNYEI Zirc, 22-2005; 21-44 A BAKONYALJA HOMOKVIDÉKÉNEK ERDEI

1 II. HOMOKI ERDEIFENYVESEK FESTUCO VAGINATAEPINETUM SYLVESTRIS SOÓ (1931) 1971 KEVEY BALÁZS Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Növénytani Tanszék Abstract: Forests of the sandhill area of Bakonyalja. II. Festuco vaginatae-Pinetum sylvestris Soó (1931) 1971 - This study presents the phytocenological description with ten relevés of the pine forests of the sand-covered foothills of the Western-Bakony Mountains. The origin of this vegetation type at this location has been heavily debated. By the current view, this „primeval pine forest" is a relic association of the postglacial cool and dry period (10000-9000 BP) when similar forests may have occurred in most sand dune areas of Hungary. Later, during gradual warming (9000-4500 BP) the Scotch pine was competitively excluded by deciduous tree species on the sand dunes of the Plains. The „primeval pine forest", however, has survived this critical period in the shadow of the high Bakony, where the climate has been cooler and moister than elsewhere. On the top of the sand dunes, the Scotch pine could succesfully compete with the deciduous trees, and formed a mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. Thus, the deciduous forest-steppe vegetation of the Plains is substituted by the coniferous forest-steppe at the foothills of the Bakony. In physical appearance this forest resembles the pine forests of the seashore sand dunes of Northern Europe, but in the composition of the herb layer it is more similar to the pine forests of the Ukrainian and Russian forest-steppe zone. Species characteristic of the Molinio-Arrhenatherea s.l., Festuco-Bromea s.l., Festucetea vaginatae and Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae s.l. syntaxa are particularly frequent. There are also many rare and protected species in this association, Because of its great importance in relation to vegetation history, this pine forest deserves strict protection. 1. Bevezetés A „Fenyőfői Ősfenyves" a Bakony és a Kisalföld határán levő homokvidéken foglal helyet. Átmeneti helyzeténél fogva földrajzi hovatartozását illetően kissé eltérőek a vélemények. Többnyire - Bakonyalja néven - a Bakony flórajárásához (Vesprimense) sorolják (pl. MAJER 1988), de néhányan a Kisalföld (Airabonicum) peremvidékeként 1

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