Futó János (szerk.): A Bakonyi Természettudományi Múzeum Közleményei 16. (Zirc, 1997)

BAUER NORBERT - MÉSZÁROS ANDRÁS: A Viola collina Bess. új előfordulásai és cönológiai viszonyai a Bakonyban

TUTIN, T G. et al. (eds) (1968): Flora Europaea Volume 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferae - Cambridge University Press ZÓLYOMI B. (1936): Tízezer év története virágporszemekben - Term. Tud. Közi. 68: 504-516. ZÓLYOMI B. (1942): A középdunai flóraválasztó és a dolomitjelenség - Bot. Közi., 39 (5): 209-231. ZÓLYOMI B. (1952): Magyarország növénytakarójának fejlődéstörténete az utolsó jégkorszaktól - MTA Bíol. Oszt. Közlem. 1: 491-530. ZÓLYOMI B. (1958): Budapest és környékének természetes növénytakarója - In: Budapest természeti képe, ed.: Pécsi M. Akad. Kiadó, Bp. 744. ZÓLYOMI B. (1987): Coenoton, ecoton and their role in the preservation of relic species - Acta Bot. Hung. 33. 3-18. WALLNÖFER, S.-GRASS, V (1993a): Qnerco-Fagetea - In Mucina, L.-Grabherr, G. - Wallnöfer, S.: Die Pflanzengesellshaften Österreich, Teil III.: Wälder und Gebüsche 78-236. WALLNÖFER, S.-GRASS, V (1993b): Übersicht über natürliche Waldgesellschaften im Neusiedler SeeGebiet - wvvw.-ang.kfunigraz.ac.at/rmagnes/nswges.htm 1-4. Summary New occurrences and coenological behaviour of Viola collina Bess, in the Bakony - The authors examined the occurrence and coenological circumstances of Viola collina Bess, in the Bakony Mountains. On the basis of the results shown in this paper the followings could be stated regarding the coenological behaviour of Viola collina in the Bakony Mountains. Within its fairly large spreading area the species can be found in different types of the vegetation developing in the different climatic zones. In the region of Western- and Northwestern Europe having more atlantic and colder climate and in the higher mountains it finds favourable conditions in xerotherm vegetation types as well as in the mesoxerophilous forests. In the warmer, drier and more extreme - rather continental - MiddleEurope the species moves back to the northern slopes of cooler but balanced climate. In the Bakony Mountains, which - regarding the vegetation of its southern slopes is submediterranean, according to its northwestern slopes is subatlantic - rises above the level of the Eupannonicum as an island, the Viola collina is forced back to very special habitats (Seseli leucospermi-Brometum pannoniéi, Fago-Ornetum) like other interglacial and postglacial relict species. From Middle-European data the occurrence in Luka (Slovakia) can be qualified similar. The coenological behaviour of Viola collina shown in the Bakony Mountains reminded us of some rather known species considered postglacial relicts (ZÓLYOMI 1936, 1952, 1958) (Carduus glaucus, Primula auricula subsp. hungarica, Ranunculus nemorosus, Allium victorialis etc.), letting us suppose that the Viola collina is a postglacial relict in the mountains. On the basis of the Bakony data coenological classification of the species - within the Bakonyikum phytogeographic unit - is offered for modification. On the basis of its experienced insistence on dolomite rocks of northern aspect it should be classified to the elements of the Bromo-Festucion pallentis. On the basis of the forest occurrences in different geographic regions both the Querco-Fagetea and the Fagetalia classifications seem to be correct, but the current data from the Transdanubian Mountains let us suppose its insistentence on more specific coenotaxon locally. The recent Hungarian coenological references (BORHIDI-SÁNTA 1999, KEVEY 2000) define the position of mixed karst-forest in plant association systematics in the Cephalanthero-Fagion group which is explained by the higher proportion of montaneous elements, relict species